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Paper Title |
Abstract |
Page No |
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| 1 |
Evaluation of Fungicides against Rhizoctonia solani Causal Agent Of Sheath Blight of Rice
Author(s):
Akansha singh , Ram Chandra , Nitish Rattan Bhardwaj.
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1-6 |
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Evaluation of Fungicides against Rhizoctonia solani Causal Agent Of Sheath Blight of Rice
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to assess the percent inhibition, percent disease index, disease severity and yield parameter against sheath blight of rice through various fungicidal treatment in in vitro as well as in field conditions. In this experiment results were found as Carbendazim 25% + Flusilazole 12.5% SE (NS) gave best results in the reduction of percent inhibition, disease severity, percent disease index and gave higher grain yield as compare to Carbendazim 25% + Flusilazole 12.5% SE (RS) (Luster), Kresoxime - methyl 44.3% SC (Ergon) and Validamycine 3% L (Sheathmaar-3) at different concentrations.
Keywords: Rice, Rhizoctonia solani, Sheath blight, Disease, Yield, Fungicides.
| 2 |
Effect of foliar application of salicylic acid on photosynthetic pigments and antioxidative enzymes of soybean plant
Author(s):
Somveer Jakhar , Meenakshi Sheokand.
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7-15 |
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Effect of foliar application of salicylic acid on photosynthetic pigments and antioxidative enzymes of soybean plant
Abstract
Salicylic acid is an endogenous plant growth regulator of phenolic in nature, which involves in the regulation of physiological processes in plants. The present investigation was carried out to study the effects of different concentrations (0, 10-4, 10-5, 10-6 M) of salicylic acid on vegetative characters, photosynthetic pigment, protein content, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzymes. Leaf samples were harvested on 45th, 60th and 90th days after sowing. Results showed that exogenous application of salicylic acid at concentration 10-6 M increases the vegetative characters and biochemical parameters which lead to significant rise in chlorophyll, protein and MDA content. However, SA at 10-4M and 10-5M did not exert a significant promotive effect as compared to SA at 10-6 M in retaining pigment loss, protein content and MDA content. Foliar spray with different concentration of SA also increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes like GPOX and SOD which prevent the plants from oxidative stress which is further produced by abiotic and biotic factors. Exogenous application of different concentration of SA (10-4M, 10-5M) also resulted in increased antioxidant activities but best response occurred at (10-6 M).
Key words: salicylic acid, soybean, photosynthetic pigment, protein, antioxidant enzymes.
| 3 |
Microorganisms in Fermented Bio-extract from Irradiated Silk Waste
Author(s):
Ngamnit Sermkiattipong , Tangthong .
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16-20 |
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Microorganisms in Fermented Bio-extract from Irradiated Silk Waste
Abstract
Microbiological characteristics of four samples of bio-extract from gamma irradiated (300 kGy) silk waste ferrmented
for 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 months were investigated. The results revealed that total bacterial counts in all samples of bio-
extract were initially found to be 2.32×107 – 1.69×108 cfu/ml. Four months later, total bacterial counts mainly decreased
according to the fermentation time. At the beginning, lactic acid bacteria were found in three samples and ranged from
6.0×106–2.2×108 cfu/ml. Only in one sample that lactic acid bacteria were not found. Four months later, lactic acid
bacteria were still found in two samples and ranged from 1.8×102–3.8×107 cfu/ml. Initially, total yeasts were found in
all samples and ranged from 1.0×104–3.2×105 cfu/ml which exceeded the standard value of Thai Community Product
Standard : Plant Extraction [TCPS 481-2547(2004)]. In the fourth month, total yeasts were not found in three samples.
However, they were found in one sample and still exceeded the standard value. Three pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella
spp., Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium perfringens) based on the TCPS 481-2547(2004), were not found in any
samples after any fermentation length. At zero month, all samples were contaminated with Escherichia coli densities in
the range of 15 – >1.1x103 MPN/ml and exceeded the standard value of TCPS 481-2547(2004). However, one month
later the MPN of E. coli were not found in all samples and therefore the samples were up to the standard level of TCPS
481-2547(2004).
| 4 |
Meat drying technology and drying characteristics of meat and meat products
Author(s):
Javeed akhtar , Ram Krishna Pandey.
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21-25 |
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Meat drying technology and drying characteristics of meat and meat products
Abstract
In the last few years, the demands of the meat and meat dried products has increased tremendously. In the past drying was performed to preserve perishable foods with less emphasis on multidimensional quality attributes a recent trend is to develop dried meat products maintaining its quality, such as flavor, texture, convenience, and functionality with increased nutritional quality and reduced anti-nutritional factor. At present, drying of meat has extreme focus on maintaining its qualities and to increase the shelf life. The main purpose of this paper is to give an overview on the meat drying of meat and meat products and to provide basic concepts of meat drying, drying characteristics of dried meat products.
| 5 |
Quality changes of Vacuum Packed meat and meat products:
Author(s):
Javeed akhtar , Ram Krishna Pandey.
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26-31 |
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Quality changes of Vacuum Packed meat and meat products:
Abstract
Vacuum packaging is recent innovations that have been gaining importance as preservation techniques to improve the shelf life of meat and poultry. In Vacuum Packaging, air is completely removed however, color is regained when meat is removed from Vacuum packets and exposed to air. Microbial profiles of Vacuum Packaging of meat do not differ significantly. Vacuum packaging offers several unique advantages for retaining the desirable market quality of meat and meat products. The safety of vacuum meat is still a concern under temperature abuse conditions but it can be improved by coupling with hurdle technology and proper preservation systems. Vacuum packaging is a significant area of advancement to further improve the safety of meat and poultry products. This contribution critically reviews the existing knowledge on Vacuum Packaging of meat and poultry in order to broaden our understanding of the subject and to suggest further areas of research to effectively use these technologies for marketing safe meat and poultry products.
| 6 |
Effect on quality of developed ginger-garlic paste during storage
Author(s):
Javeed Akhtar , P.K. Omre , Mohd. Aftab Alam.
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32-41 |
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Effect on quality of developed ginger-garlic paste during storage
Abstract
In this study, the effect on quality of developed ginger-garlic paste were observed.Ginger paste and garlic paste were mixed in equal proportion (1:1 ratio) by weight. The Sodium benzoate (150 ppm), citric acid (0.2% w/w), Sodium benzoate (.015% w/w) and sodium chloride (1.5% w/w) were added to the mixed ginger garlic paste and packed in glass jars. The samples were treated with microwave heating and samples treated with conventional heating. After that all samples stored at 30 to 38°C for 3 months and evaluated at an interval of 15 days. Ginger-garlic paste treated by microwave heating stored for 3 months had significantly (p<0.05).The pH and moisture content of microwave treated samples were decreased (p<0.05). The effect of microwave treatment on acidity and ash content of samples showed that microwave treatment significantly (p<0.05) affected the acidity and ash content during storage period of 3 months.
| 7 |
Lignocellulose degradation of rice straw by thermophilic microbial consortium isolated from mature compost of sugarcane industry
Author(s):
Archit Sharma , Deepak Malik , Shruti , Manoj kumar.
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42-48 |
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Lignocellulose degradation of rice straw by thermophilic microbial consortium isolated from mature compost of sugarcane industry
Abstract
Lignocellulose describes namely cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. Cellulose and hemicellulose are degraded into sugars, which are further conversion by fermentation, biocatalytic, and chemocatalytic processes to value-added products, including biofuels. In this study, the thermophilic bacterial consortium was isolated from mature compost of sugarcane industry. The thermophilic bacterial consortium showed efficient degradation on rice straw as compare to the previous reported microbial consortium isolated from rice straw compost. The lignocellulose degradation ratio by isolated thermophelic bacterial consortiun was 76.92 % after 7 days of incubation at 50 ºC. The percentage of lignin was 15.38 % in PCS medium after 7 days of incubation at 50 ºC.
| 8 |
Effect of Vermicompost on Growth, Yield and Quality of Vegetable Crops
Author(s):
Chandan Singh Ahirwar , Azad Hussain.
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49-56 |
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Effect of Vermicompost on Growth, Yield and Quality of Vegetable Crops
Abstract
Vermicomposting is a promising method of transforming unwanted and virtually unlimited supplies of organic wastes into usable substrates. In this process, the digestive tracts of certain earthworm species (e.g., Eisenia fetida) are used to stabilize organic wastes. The final product is an odorless peat-like substance, which has good structure, moisture-holding capacity, relatively large amounts of available nutrients, and microbial metabolites that may act as plant growth regulators. For these reasons, vermicompost has the potential to make a valuable contribution to soilless potting media. The objective of this study was to evaluate the transplant quality and field performance of vegetable transplants grown in vermicompost. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), Pepper (Capsicum annuumL.), Potato, Sweet corn hybrids, Pak choi, Spinach and Turnip. Growth of vegetable transplants was positively affected by addition of vermicompost, perhaps by altering the nutritional balance of the medium. Transplant quality was improved in peppers and eggplants while tomato transplant quality was slightly reduced. There were no significant differences in field performance. Hence, vermicomposting is a sustainable technique for solid waste disposal. Vermicomposting is the science of producing compost from biodegradable organic matters through earthworms. Vermicompost contains significant quantities of nutrients, a large beneficial microbial population and biologically active metabolites, particularly gibberellins, cytokines, auxins and group B vitamins which can be applied alone or in combination ith organic or inorganic fertilizers so as to get better yield and quality of diverse crops.
Key Word: Vermicompost, Yield, quality, Tomato, Sweet peaper, potato, Sweet corn hybrids, Pak choi, Spinach and Turnip.
| 9 |
Studies on Physical and Clinical signs of parturition in Bitches with Dystocia
Author(s):
Narasimha murthy , Devaraj.M .
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57-61 |
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Studies on Physical and Clinical signs of parturition in Bitches with Dystocia
Abstract
The most common behavioral sign observed by the owner of the patient at the onset of parturition were nesting, restlessness and panting. However, these signs were observed only in 20-30 per cent of the animals suggesting that the behavioral signs cannot be used with certainity to suggest that the animals are indeed in the act of parturition. Nearly 50 per cent of the animals with dystocia were presented with a history of copious mucoid discharge with slight greenish tinge. In most animals exhibiting this kind of discharge, the fetuses were found to be alive as identified by ultrasonographic examination. In nearly 28 per cent of the animals, the vaginal discharges were dark and blackish green and in another 33.33 per cent it was brownish and foul smelling indicating that dystocia had existed for considerable period of time. In many animals with dystocia, the rectal temperature remained within the normal limits inspite of prolonged duration of dystocia and in the presence of foul smelling discharges and higher rectal temperature was invariably associated with history of vaginal manipulation by the referring veterinarian. The mean heart
| 10 |
Impact of single super phosphate on the uptake of cadmium by Carrot (Daucus carota L.)
Author(s):
Niraj Kumar Patel , Dinesh Mani , Shailendra Kumar.
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62-69 |
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Impact of single super phosphate on the uptake of cadmium by Carrot (Daucus carota L.)
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted to find out the impact of single super phosphate (SSP) on the uptake of cadmium by Carrot (Daucus carota L.) on the alluvial soil of Sheila Dhar Institute experimental farm, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh. Four levels of SSP (0, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1) and Cd (0, 5, 10 and 15 mg kg-1) were applied as SSP and CdCl2, respectively. The application of SSP 200 kg ha-1 increased the dry biomass of Carrot by 26.50% over the control. The application of 15 mg kg-1 Cd maximum reduces dry biomass of Carrot by 17.70% compared to control and registered the highest accumulation of Cd in shoot and root of Carrot by 1.80 and 2.56 mg kg-1, respectively. Application of Cd 10 mg kg-1 + SSP 200 kg ha-1 decreased maximum bioaccumulation factor (BFs) of Cd 0.055 in Carrot, compared to non-amended plot. Therefore, 200 kg ha-1 SSP application may be recommended to enhance dry biomass of Carrot. The response of SSP was observed ameliorative in Cd-contaminated plots.
| 11 |
Evaluation of smooth lipopolysaccharide based latex agglutination test in serodiagnosis of brucellosis
Author(s):
Ankush Kiran Niranjan , Ankita Jain , Rajesh Rathore.
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70-73 |
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Evaluation of smooth lipopolysaccharide based latex agglutination test in serodiagnosis of brucellosis
Abstract
In this study, sLPS antigen coated latex bead was prepared and their evaluation was done along with RBPT, commonly employed for the serodiagnosis of brucellosis. sLPS was extracted from Brucella abortus S99 and coated on polystyrene latex beads in a phosphate buffer saline coating buffer. A total of 200 samples were collected from unorganized dairy farm and tested with RBPT and sLPS based latex agglutination test. The accuracy, relative sensitivity and specificity of sLPS based LAT were found 99%, 93.55% and 100% respectively . This study conclude that sLPS based LAT can be used as an alternative screening test for bovine brucellosis.
| 12 |
Effective Management of Gram pod borer Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) with combination of Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) and Flubendiamide 39.39 SC in Rain fed areas of Chhattisgarh
Author(s):
Shakti Verma , LALITA RAMTEKE , AMIT KU. SINHA , ARVIND KUMAR NANDANWAR , PANDU RAM PAIKARA.
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74-77 |
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Effective Management of Gram pod borer Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) with combination of Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) and Flubendiamide 39.39 SC in Rain fed areas of Chhattisgarh
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Present investigation was carried out in Rain fed areas of Chhattisgarh on chickpea, Cicer arientum (Linnaeus) by using 5% Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) suspension with combination of Flubendiamide 39.39 SC compared with Profenophos + Cypermethrin 44 EC, Farmer’s practice i. e. Chlorpyriphos + Cypermethrine 55 EC & control plots against the incidence of gram pod borer Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) at Kurud, Nagari & Sihawa areas of Dhamtari district (Chhattisgarh) during Rabi season, 2012-13. The results indicates that Neem Seed Kernel Extract (5%) alonwith Flubendiamide 39.39 SC @ 50 ml/ha effectively reduce the H. Armigera larval population as compared with control plot when used in regular sprays in vegetative and pod formation stages. H. armigera has been observed to be a major pest in village and requires more attention to get rid of its infestation. The study also concluded that Spraying of Flubendiamide 39.35 SC (Fame) @ 50 ml/ha along with Neem seed kernel extract 5% recorded higher grain yield of chickpea (14.66 q/ha) over Farmer’s practice (12.26 q/ha) i.e. Chloropyriphos+Cypermethrin 55 EC @ 1000 ml/ha as a standard check suggesting low cost, eco-friendly, easily acceptable and adoptable technology for management of chickpea pod borer.
| 13 |
A multivariate analysis into the sustainability of farming by women groups
Author(s):
CHINCHU V S.
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78-80 |
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A multivariate analysis into the sustainability of farming by women groups
Abstract
The investigation entitled “Indicators of sustainable agricultural development: A multi-variate analysis among self-help groups of “Kudumbashree Mission” in Thiruvananthapuram district” was conducted with the objective of critically analyzing the extent of attainment of the three pillars (indicators) of sustainable development, namely, economic development, social develop¬ment and environmental protection by the agricultural activities of the self-help groups under Kudumbashree Mission in the study area. The study warranted two categories of respondents. The first category was for studying the sustainability of Self-Help Groups (SHG) and it included 40 SHGs. The second category of respondents was for studying the profile characteristics and it consisted of 200 SHG-based farm women. The data was collected from the randomly selected respondents through a structured interview schedule after pre-testing. The salient finding of the study was that the sustainability of groups involved in farming in the study area was “Above Average”.
| 14 |
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ARECANUT ( ARECA CATECHU L) CRACKER
Author(s):
B. S. Sridhar .
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81-91 |
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DEVELOPMENT OF AN ARECANUT ( ARECA CATECHU L) CRACKER
Abstract
An Arecanut (Areca catechu L) prototype cracker was developed and tested. The cracker, comprises a rectangular convergent feeding zone, nozzle system, breaking plate, collector, powered by compressor arrangement. The equipment was conceived to split the shell and kernel of arecanuts through force by air pressure. Performance evaluation showed the moisture level and the rate of feeding of arecanuts and pneumatic pressure had significant effect at different levels on cracker's efficiency. Evaluation of chemical composition showed no significant (P>0.05) difference between cracked and uncracked samples. Based on the range of selected parameters the highest performance of the cracker was found to be the moisture level of 11.7% (db), feed rate, 25.3 kg/h and pneumatic pressure of 4 bars. The estimated capacity of the machine was 25.3 kg/h. The cracker does not require sizing of nuts prior to cracking, eliminating the laborious, time consuming current cracking methods.
| 15 |
SEASONAL DETECTION OF TREND AND VARIABILITY OF CLIMATIC PARAMETERS IN TARAI REGION OF UTTARAKHAND
Author(s):
HASEEN AHMAD.
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92-103 |
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SEASONAL DETECTION OF TREND AND VARIABILITY OF CLIMATIC PARAMETERS IN TARAI REGION OF UTTARAKHAND
Abstract
This present study focuses to analyze the trend and variability seasonally of climatic parameters in tarai region of Uttarakhand. Climatic parameters data over a period of 33 years (1981−2013) has been processed to detect out seasonal trend and variability. The seasonal trends and variability detected here, to achieve the objective which has been shown with 33 years of data. Statistical analysis were carried out, application of parametric statistics tests, regression analysis, coefficient of determination R2, Q. Q. Plot or Normal plot for seasonal rainfall, trend as general movement of weather parameters over an extended period of time, weather parameters under study were not normally distributed we have calculated median, standard error of median, confidence interval for weather parameters under study and observed seasonally an increasing trend in maximum, minimum temperature, rain fall, rainy days, relative humidity 1412, decreasing trend in relative humidity 712 and wind speed, indicates an increase in maximum temperature is about 0.1934oC, minimum temperature an increase is about 0.0217oC. The relative humidity 1412, an increase is 0.0637%, relative humidity 712, decrease is − 0.0075% and wind speed shows slightly decrease is − 0.0054 Km /hour. Rainfall seasonally increases about 0.0319 mm over the region; with slightly increase in rainy days is 0 .0315 days. Quantile-Quantile trend test of monsoon season rainfall, observed skewed to right. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was applied to measure degree of relationship between seasonal mean rainy days and seasonal mean rainfall, at α = .01, level of significance (two tailed test) and observed the highly significant positive correlation between seasonal mean rainy days and seasonal mean rainfall. Fluctuations are observed in weather parameters of tarai region of Uttarakhand.
| 16 |
Genetic diversity analysis of blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] using morphological and molecular markers
Author(s):
S. K. Noren , Artibashisha Hijam Pyngrope , Tyagi Wricha , Devyani Sen , V. K. Khanna , A. Pattanayak.
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104-113 |
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Genetic diversity analysis of blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] using morphological and molecular markers
Abstract
A total of 30 blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] genotypes including five locally adapted varieties, twenty three advanced breeding lines and two local germplasm were evaluated for genetic diversity and relatedness with 21 morphological markers and 12 SSR markers. Genotypes viz., Uttara-IVT, Pant U 31-AVT, KUG 503, VBG 09-005 and NDU 11-202 were identified as the early flowering while DBGV 5,Vijay and WBB-1 were identified as tall having plant height more than 60 cm. Seed size (wt. of 100 seeds) ranged from 1.36 g in WBB-1 to 6.30 in COBG 759. The number of alleles per SSR marker varied from 3 to 5 per locus. Polymorphic information content values (PIC) ranged from 0.221 to 0.682 per locus. Variability among groups (FIS=0.981) and variability within individuals (FIT=0.986) was low. The most informative loci were CEDG 180, CEDG 139 and CEDG 279 with 5 al¬leles, CEDG 006, CEDG 143 and CEDG 056 with 4 alleles and CEDG 282, CEDG 204, CEDG 118, CEDG 068, CEDG 008, CEDG 043 with 3 al¬leles each. The minimum and maximum molecular genetic distances were found to be 0.00 (PU 08-2 with AKU 10-1) and 1.00 (NDU 11-202 with AKU 10-1, SB 44-4) respectively. Genotypes WBB-1, VBG 09-005 and IPU 10-17 showed high level of genetic diversity. Blackgram improvement through hybridization by utilizing diverse genotypes is suggested for breeding suitable genotypes for North Eastern region.
Key words: Fixation index, Genetic diversity, genetic distances, SSR
| 17 |
EFFECT OF COPPER ON SPORE GERMINATION OF Pteris vittata Linn.
Author(s):
Soma Sukul nee Chunari , Nandita Pal.
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114-118 |
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EFFECT OF COPPER ON SPORE GERMINATION OF Pteris vittata Linn.
Abstract
Nowadays heavy metal contamination in environment is becoming a big problem. The aim of this research was to study the effect of heavy metal copper on spore germination of Pteris vittata Linn. The concentrations of copper sulphate were 0 ppm, 5 ppm and 50 ppm. The characteristics of germinated spores were observed on an interval of 10 days and the study was continued till 30th day from the day of spore sowing. The result showed that the spore germination percentage and rhizoid mean number both increased gradually day by day in case of control set and 5 ppm set, though in 5 ppm set spore germination was delayed but in 50 ppm set, spore germination started very late as compared to the former two sets and the germinated spores were arrested in single celled stage, no further development occurred till 30th day.
Key words: Pteris vittata Linn, copper sulphate, spore germination, protonema, spatulate, cordate.
| 18 |
EFFECT OF PROBIOTIC FERMENTATION ON MINERAL CONTENT OF BANANA BASED FOOD MIXTURES
Author(s):
Sharon C L , Usha V , Aneena E R , Seeja Thomachan.
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119-123 |
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EFFECT OF PROBIOTIC FERMENTATION ON MINERAL CONTENT OF BANANA BASED FOOD MIXTURES
Abstract
Today, since the development of foods that promote health and wellbeing is the key priority of food industry, attempts have been made to develop probiotic food mixtures containing banana flour, green gram flour, soya flour, tomato, mango and papaya. 25 g of each mixture was mixed with 150 ml of distilled water and adjusted the pH to 4.5 and autoclaved at 121° C (1.5 kg/cm2) for 15 mts. After cooling, this was inoculated with 300µl (119×106 cfu/ml) liquid culture of L.acidophilus (24 hour old culture) and incubated at 37° C for 24 hours. After fermentation it was freeze dried and the samples were analysed for their mineral content viz: calcium, potassium and iron. The unfermented samples served as control. There was no significant difference in the calcium and potassium content of fermented and unfermented samples. There was a significant increase in the iron content of fermented and unfermented food mixtures.
| 19 |
Differential perception of livelihood issues of tribal women: The case of Attappadi the state in Kerala, India
Author(s):
Sachana, P.C , Anilkumar. A.
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124-128 |
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Differential perception of livelihood issues of tribal women: The case of Attappadi the state in Kerala, India
Abstract
This research has been done on the basis of qualitative and quantitative data collected from primary sources and discussed livelihood issues of tribal women in Attappadi in a descriptive manner. Tribal women being the most vulnerable and deprived section, fall prey to various levels of exploitation and discrimination by the rest of the society. The very working of the development paradigm, by uprooting them from their niche, language, modes of understanding, livelihood etc., prove to be against their interests. Tribal women in the state of Kerala have usually enjoyed a higher social status in their own communities than Indian women in general. But the entry of non tribals to tribal regions and niche brought several changes in their life. The perceptions on livelihood issues based on importance were different for tribal women and the non-tribal respondents in the study. The major livelihood issues faced by the tribal women were poverty, alcoholism, inadequacy of food as per nutritional requirements, wild animal menace in agricultural lands, lack of electricity connectivity, and addiction to narcotics.
| 20 |
FRACTIONATION AND PURIFICATION OF BIOACTIVE PEPTIDES IN EXCRETORY/SECRETORY PRODUCTS OF THIRD INATAR LARVAE OF CHRYSOMYA MEGACEPHALA (CALLIPHORIDAE : DIPTERA)
Author(s):
Nancy Taha Mohamed.
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129-136 |
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FRACTIONATION AND PURIFICATION OF BIOACTIVE PEPTIDES IN EXCRETORY/SECRETORY PRODUCTS OF THIRD INATAR LARVAE OF CHRYSOMYA MEGACEPHALA (CALLIPHORIDAE : DIPTERA)
Abstract
The beneficial effects of maggots on wounds have been attributed to various mechanisms notably the debridement (degradation) of necrotic tissue.It was demonstrated that the maggots ES exhibit antibacterial actions against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including MRSA, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The present study revealed the presence of 40 protein fractions in excretory/secretory products of third instar larvae of Chrysomya megacephala, only 3 protein fractions showed antibacterial activity against Bacillis subtilis, number 22,23 and 24. The separated protein fraction number 22 showed protein bands at 28 and 31 KDa protein, separated protein fraction number 23 showed protein bands at 17, 24 and 28 KDa and separated protein fraction number 24 showed protein band at 26 KDa.
| 21 |
A study on Diversity of Indigenous Ornamental Fish Species available in Howrah District of West Bengal, India.
Author(s):
SUBHARTHI PAL.
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137-148 |
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A study on Diversity of Indigenous Ornamental Fish Species available in Howrah District of West Bengal, India.
Abstract
This current work, based on an extensive field survey and fish sampling conducted over a period of 12 months, illustrated the status and availability of different indigenous ornamental fish species available in the district of Howrah, West Bengal. A total of 58 species from 39 genera, 25 families and 7 orders were reported. The survey result showed that among the total fish species collected, Order Cypriniformes held a major portion of the Howrah district's fish fauna. Fish of the Family Cyprinidae was the most abundant (28% of the total fish species), followed by the Family Channidae (7%) and Bagridae (7%). 60% of the fishes were exclusively freshwater species, followed by fresh and brackish water species which constituted of 35% of the total fish species collected. The present study revealed that the percentage of fish under the threatened category is almost up to 30% i.e. 9% endangered and 21% vulnerable of the total collected fish species while status of 22% was yet to be evaluated. Among these 58 collected fish species, 27 species can be regarded as classified aquarium fishes and the rest 31 species as non-classified aquarium fishes. Many of these species have been reported to have good domestic as well as export market since few years, so these indigenous ornamental fish resource can be gainfully utilized to capture not only the ornamental fish markets of our country but also the world trade in near future.
Keywords – Indigenous ornamental fish, aquarium fishes, export market, world trade.
