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| 1 |
Assessment of autoantibodies to glutamate decarboxylase and anti-insulin in spontaneous diabetic dogs and experimental diabetic rat model
Author(s):
Deepa P M* , Dimri.U , Devi Gopinath , Yatoo.M.I.
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1-5 |
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Assessment of autoantibodies to glutamate decarboxylase and anti-insulin in spontaneous diabetic dogs and experimental diabetic rat model
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine autoantibodies to GAD and insulin in diabetic dogs and diabetes induced wistar rat model. Eight diabetic dogs were used for the study. While,eight clinically healthy dogs were used as controls. Six rats were injected with streptozotocin 40 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally for 5 consecutive days to induced diabetes. Another six rats without streptozotocin served as healthy controls. Dogs and wistar rats were screened for autoantibodies to GAD and insulin by using radioimmunoassay. All diabetic dogs shown anti-GAD antibody and while auto-antibody to insulin was shown by only 37.5% of diabetic dogs. None of the diabetic rat revealed auto-antibodies to GAD and insulin. The current study clearly indicates that assessment of anti-GAD antibody could be a novel predictive of diabetes in dogs. Concurrently, non-reactivity of antibodies to GAD and insulin in induced diabetic rats indicates incompatibility of this model to diabetes in dogs.
| 2 |
Bioassay of entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.)Vuill and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff)Sorokin.,against Sweet potato tortoise beetle, Metriona circumdata H.
Author(s):
Dr.Anis Joseph. R , Dr.Sudharma.K.
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6-11 |
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Bioassay of entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.)Vuill and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff)Sorokin.,against Sweet potato tortoise beetle, Metriona circumdata H.
Abstract
Bioassays with entomopathogenic fungi, B. bassiana and M. anisopliae on sweet potato tortoise beetle, M. circumdata were conducted to assess the LC50, LC90 and LT50 values and fiducial limits and regression parameters. The results of the study indicated that the mortality of the insects was dependent on the concentration of the spore suspension of the fungus. The cumulative per cent mortality varied with dose and time for both adult beetles and grubs for both the fungi. The dose and time taken for mortality of the adults and grubs of M. circumdata was lower for B. bassiana when compared to M. anisopliae. The LC 50 of B. bassiana estimated were 7.26 × 109and 4.96 × 108 spores ml-1 against the adults and grubs of M. circumdata respectively and a spore concentration of 6.13 × 1010 and 4.64 × 109 spores ml-1 of M. anisopliae was required to cause 50 per cent mortality of the adults and grubs of M. circumdata respectively at the highest test dose evaluated.
| 3 |
PIG HUSBANDRY FOR SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN ASSAM
Author(s):
N. Ahmed , K. Ahmed , D. Kalita.
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12-14 |
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PIG HUSBANDRY FOR SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN ASSAM
Abstract
Pig husbandry is one of the integral components of traditional animal husbandry system in Assam. People of this region are mostly non vegetarian and prefer pork hence the swine industry has a tremendous scope. Indigenous breeds with lower reproductive potentialities occupy majority of pig population in Assam. Up grading of local pig can be done by crossbreeding with superior germplasm through artificial insemination (AI). This study was carried out to know the status of swine husbandry in Assam and feasibility of AI. A base line survey was conducted and total of 200 households owing pigs were selected randomly and interviewed in Kamrup and Darrang districts of Assam. The most prevalent diseases in pig were swine fever, diarrhoea, pneumonia, piglet anemia, mange, hemorrhagic septicemia and FMD. There were no reports of the use of Artificial Insemination in the area under survey and household without a boar use one from neighboring household. The service fees vary from Rs. 200-1000. Majority of farmers who kept native pigs were house wives (60%) or day labor (21%). Pigs were reared by neck/girth tethering (83%) followed by straw shed housing (12%), fencing (4%) and penned system (1%). Lack of scientific knowledge, mal nutrition, lack of breeding boar, lack of veterinary and extension service, non availability of vaccine were the major constrains. Semen collected from Hampshire boar by simple fist method and extended with Modena extender was preserved at 15°C at BOD incubator. The mean volume, initial motility, concentration, live sperm and intact acrosome in boar semen was 239.28±17.37ml, 86.85±1.31 per cent, 339.28±17.37 million per ml, 83.76±0.79 per cent and 86.82±1.08 per cent respectively. Estrus sow was inseminated twice and obtained viable piglets.
| 4 |
Optimization,Purification and characterization of Phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis
Author(s):
Gaurav Sharmaa , Suman Sarana , Neha Puri , Nakuleshwar Dut Jasuja , Manoj kumar.
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15-20 |
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Optimization,Purification and characterization of Phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis
Abstract
A method for stably purifying a functional dye, phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis was developed by freezing and thawing method. Among various buffers used for phycocyanin yield efficiency sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7 and 0.1 M) was found to be most suitable for highest yield. During comparison of various buffers, sodium phosphate buffer was found as best buffer with 146 ±0.265 mg/g phycobiliprotein. In the best buffer pH of on phycobiliproteins extraction was also studied and maximum extraction was achieved at pH-7.0 yielding 146 ±0.265 mg/g phycobiliproteins. The isolated phycocyanin from this process also showed highest purity of 3.2 based on absorbance of 0.026 at 280 nm and 0.065 at 615nm. Freezing at –200C for 3hr and thawing at 4ºC for 5min was found to be optimal for highest phycocyanin yield. A polypeptide unit of the phycocyanin was isolated, and their molecular weight was 14 kDa, respectively. These weights are consistent with those of previous reports. This finding suggests that the freezing and thawing process enabled isolation of a stable, highly purified phycocyanin with a short treatment 3cycle (-20oC with time interval 3 h) as 146 mg/g whose value is 8% to 10% higher than is the case from another conventional separation method using phosphate buffer
| 5 |
ANTIBACTERIAL AND PHTYOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS ON Brassica oleracea var. botrytis Linn.
Author(s):
Suganya.D , Hussain Ali fathima.M , K.Kanimozhi.
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21-31 |
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ANTIBACTERIAL AND PHTYOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS ON Brassica oleracea var. botrytis Linn.
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the antibacterial activity and phytochemical analysis of Brassica oleraceae.
Methods: The antibacterial activity was evaluated using agar well diffusion and microdilution methods against the bacterial (E.coli, Proteus, S.aureus, Klebsiella and Pseudomonas) iolates. The extraction of the vegetable was carried using the solvent namely acetone. Phytochemical, FT-IR and HPLC analysis was carried out in the acetone extract.
Results: Acetone extract showed maximum activity against E.coli, Proteus, S.aureus, Klebsiella and Pseudomonas. Phytochemical analysis of Brassica oleraceae extracts showed the presence of secondary metabolites like alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, carbohydrates and anthraquinone. The FT-IR and HPLC revealed different characteristic peak values with various functional compounds in the extracts.
Conclusion: From this study, it can be concluded that Brassica oleraceae exhibits antibacterial activity against certain microorganisms.
Keywords:Brassica oleraceae, Brassicaceae, Antibacterial, Phytochemical analysis, HPLC and FT-IR analysis
| 6 |
Influence of blanching and drying methods on the quality characteristics of fresh turmeric (Curcuma longa l.) Rhizomes
Author(s):
K. Pradeep , R. Ravi , Jamuna Prakash , Madhava Naidu.
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32-44 |
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Influence of blanching and drying methods on the quality characteristics of fresh turmeric (Curcuma longa l.) Rhizomes
Abstract
Different drying methods were investigated for dehydration of turmeric rhizomes (Curcuma longa L.) for getting good colour and quality. Sun drying normal [SDN, 30-37⁰C and 30-35% relative humidity (RH)], sun drying coupled with black surface (SDB, 38-60⁰C and 28-31% RH), hot air (HA, 50±2⁰C and 58-63% RH), and low humidity air (LHA, 50⁰C and 28-30% RH) were explored for their drying efficiency of turmeric rhizomes. The quality of unblanched sliced rhizomes dried under HA was superior based on physico-chemical and CIE colour. SDB was energy efficient due to faster drying. Turmeric oil from blanched and unblanched rhizomes consisted of tumerone, 61.54 and 62.91%; curlone, 27.77 and 25.35%; and cyclohexane, 1.73 and 1.32%, respectively. The HPLC of turmeric oleoresin had curcumin 81.7%, and its analogues de-methoxy curcumin, 12.9% and bis-demethoxy curcumin 5.4%. Among all treatments, hot air dried, unblanched samples were superior followed by SDB drying which was energy efficient. The results of these findings can be exploited by using large quantity of turmeric thus creating or saving huge amount of economy during agricultural practices.
| 7 |
IN VITRO ANTAGONISM OF Trichoderma spp. AGAINST SIX SOIL BORNE FUNGAL PATHOGENS
Author(s):
V. M. Hima , S. Beena .
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45-48 |
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IN VITRO ANTAGONISM OF Trichoderma spp. AGAINST SIX SOIL BORNE FUNGAL PATHOGENS
Abstract
The concept of biological control is getting more importance nowadays than the chemicals because of its ecofriendly nature. The most popular bio-control agent Trichoderma spp. is known for its antagonistic property against various soil borne fungal pathogens. By taking these into consideration an in vitro study was conducted with twenty native isolates of Trichoderma spp. isolated from soil samples collected from different locations of Kerala and important soil borne fungal pathogens viz., Pythium aphanidermatum, Phytophthora capsici, Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotium rolfsii, Ganoderma lucidum and Rhizoctonia solani. The antagonistic efficiency of these isolates was tested by taking two released isolates of Trichoderma spp. viz., T. viride and T. harzianum of Kerala Agricultural University, as reference. The results revealed that all the twenty tested native isolates of Trichoderma spp. were efficient in controlling the pathogens, viz., P. aphanidermatum, G. lucidum, S. rolfsii and F. oxysporum than that of reference cultures. The isolates Tr9, Tr 48 and Tr 52 showed cent per cent inhibition over the pathogen, P. aphanidermatum. All the native isolates of Trichoderma spp. recorded 83.33-100 per cent inhibition on the growth of the pathogen, P. capsici. Except 3 isolates viz., Tr 28 (44.85%), Tr 76 (57.78%) and Tr 114 (58.18%), all showed higher antagonistic efficiency to G. lucidum than that of reference cultures. The native isolates recorded 50 per cent inhibition on the growth of S. rolfsii whereas T. viride and T. harzianum showed a per cent inhibition of 28.11 and 35.22 respectively. All except Tr 41, Tr 78, Tr 81 and Tr 118 recorded cent per cent inhibition over F. oxysporum. Among the twenty native isolates of Trichoderma spp. tested, twelve isolates which were able to show higher antagonistic potential than the reference cultures of KAU, can be used for further use.
| 8 |
Study of Haemoglobinopathies incidence in Ogbonicha District-Ofu LGA, Kogi State, Nigeria.
Author(s):
Obisesan OA , Ogundeko T.O , Nyango J , Ojochenemi JC , Ajala EK , Bassi AP , Iheanacho C , Ntuhun B , Orji R , Olorunfunmi JS.
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49-54 |
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Study of Haemoglobinopathies incidence in Ogbonicha District-Ofu LGA, Kogi State, Nigeria.
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Haemoglobinopathy is associated with different pathological conditions especially in Africa and other third world countries. This genetically determined blood disorder has posed continued alarming problem in public health especially in Africa and other third world countries. Many Nigerians are yet to have clear understanding of the generation, presentations and management of Haemoglobinopathies perhaps due to their religion or cultural beliefs. Sequel to this problem, it is imperative to provide adequate information for prompt intervention in order to curb the situation. Study provides information on the incidence of same in Ogbonicha District of Ofu Local Government Area, Kogi State, Nigeria. Methods: A total number of 400 volunteered people and were screened for haemoglobin (Hb) variants by alkaline cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Results: Out of the 400 subjects that were screened regardless of age and status, 222 (55.50%) were females and 178 (44.50%) were males. Only three (3) Hb genotypes HbAA (76.50%), HbAS (22.25%) and HbSS (1.25%) were reported in this study. In female, the sickle-cell-trait (HbAS) was 94.37% (67) while the disease state (HbSS) was 5.63% (4) while in males; the sickle-cell-trait was 95.65% (22) and the disease state 4.35% (1). Conclusion: The high prevalence of HbAA with the observed low prevalence of HbSS variants in this population could imply a decline in haemoglobinopathy in the population. However mass literacy campaign and improved counseling on related genetic issues should be encouraged and maintained in order to eradicate haemoglobinopathy.
Keywords: haemoglobinopathy, genotypes, gender, Ogbonicha- Nigeria.
| 9 |
Pharmacognostic and preliminary phytochemical analysis of Aegle marmelos L. and Centella asiatica L.
Author(s):
A. Vijayalakshmi, , G. Sakthivigneswari , J. Suganya.
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55-59 |
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Pharmacognostic and preliminary phytochemical analysis of Aegle marmelos L. and Centella asiatica L.
Abstract
Abstract
The present work is focused to evaluate the pharmacognostic features and preliminary phytochemical profile of the Aegle marmelos (Rutaceae) and Centella asiatica (Apiaceae) leaves. In the investigation the leaves are extracted with different solvents and resulted extracts were evaluated for preliminary phytochemical investigation. They revealed the presence and absence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, quinones, oil&fat, sterols, phenol, strach, anthyocyanin, protein, carbohydrate, cellulose, coumarin in different leaf extracts of the selected plant. Further studies on isolation of the bioactive compounds are in progress.
Key words: Aegle marmelos, Centella asiatica, preliminary phytochemical and bioactive compounds.
| 10 |
EFFECT OF SIDEROPHORE ON PLANT GROWTH PROMOTION.
Author(s):
HENA.Y.PARMAR , HEMLATTA CHAKRABORTY.
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60-68 |
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EFFECT OF SIDEROPHORE ON PLANT GROWTH PROMOTION.
Abstract
At present fertilizer has become essential to modern agriculture to feed the growing population.
Though chemical fertilizers increase crop production; their overuse has hardened the soil,
decreased fertility, strengthened pesticides, polluted air and water, and released greenhouse gases,
thereby bringing hazards to human health and environment as well. Due to the adverse effect of
chemical fertilizers and the presence of plant pathogens, apart from using chemically based
methods present study provides a biological platform to increase plant productivity. It has been
reported that many siderophore producing bacterial and fungal strains have their potentials in
plant growth promotions because although iron is abundant in the soil it is unavailable to plants
because of its low solubility. Thus siderophore produce will chelate iron and make it available to
the plant. Pseudomonas fluorescens was able to produce extracellular water soluble yellow green
siderophore of pyoverdine type in succinate medium. Siderophore produced was also proved to be
useful for plant growth promotion due to increase in root length, shoot length and number of leaves
of leguminous plants like Lens Culinaris and Phaseolus lunatus when grown under iron limiting
conditions with siderophore supplements. Thus siderophore can be used in combination with other
biofertilizers to increase crop productivity.
| 11 |
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF ROOT EXTRACT OF PHYLLANTHUS FRATERNUS WEBSTER.
Author(s):
Kavit Mehta , Dr.B.K.Jain.
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69-73 |
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PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF ROOT EXTRACT OF PHYLLANTHUS FRATERNUS WEBSTER.
Abstract
Phyllanthus fraternus Webster , a pan tropical weed originated from western India, belongs to family Euphorbiaceae . Medicinally it is used by tribals of Gujarat to cure certain diseases like asthma, cough,diarrhea, diabetes, skin diseases and scabies. The preliminary phytochemical study of extract of root using methanol as a solvent was performed.The study revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids,saponins,flavanoid,terpenoid and steroid. Quantification of isolated compounds of root extract were made using HPTLC and HPLC.Extracts of isolated compound PF-1 and PF-2 were dissolved in both chloroform and methanol. Methanol extract containing isolated compound PF-1 and PF-2 were scanned at 254 nm and 366 nm.The present study revealed that isolated compounds contain medicinally important bioactive compounds result shows maximum antimicrobial activites of root extract against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi B with highest inhibition zone So far There is no report on isolated compounds of this plant species.
Key word : Methanol root extract, HPTLC,alkaloid , HPLC , zone of inhibition
| 12 |
KINETICS OF PHENOLOXIDASE ACTIVITY IN SILKWORM BOMBYX MORI L. INFECTED WITH BEAUVERIA BASSIANA (BALS) VUILL.
Author(s):
Dr. D. Thirupathamma , Prof. G. Savithri.
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74-79 |
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KINETICS OF PHENOLOXIDASE ACTIVITY IN SILKWORM BOMBYX MORI L. INFECTED WITH BEAUVERIA BASSIANA (BALS) VUILL.
Abstract
Highly significant elevation of phenoloxidase enzyme activity was recorded in the integument and reduction of phenoloxidase activity was observed in the midgut and silkgland of Beauveria bassiana inoculated silkworms. The elevation of the enzyme activity in the integument of inoculated silkworm could be attributed to initiation of melanization as a defense response during the course of invasion of fungal pathogen. Decreased phenoloxidase enzyme activity in the midgut and silkgland of the experimental animal might be due to immune-suppressive effect of fungal proteins or toxic metabolites and it may also be due to starvation induced by the fungal pathogen.
| 13 |
On the off season survival of Ustilaginoidea virens, the pathogen causing false smut of rice in Kerala
Author(s):
RASHMI C R , GOKULAPALAN C , GIRIJA V K , SURENDRAN M.
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80-82 |
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On the off season survival of Ustilaginoidea virens, the pathogen causing false smut of rice in Kerala
Abstract
False smut disease of rice caused by Ustilaginoidea virens (Cke.) Tak. is an emerging disease worldwide affecting the yield and quality of rice. The pathogen survives as dormant structures such as sporeballs, chlamydospores, sclerotia etc. in soil, stubbles of the crop and on collateral hosts. The disease being a major constraint of rice production in Kerala, surveys were conducted to study the off season active survival of U. virens in the field. During the survey conducted at Palakkad, the pathogen was found to be surviving on the ratoon rice plants of variety Uma emerged from the stubbles of the previous crop at Kizhayur area of Palakkad. From Ambalappuzha area of Alappuzha district, the disease was observed on weedy rice, Oryza spontanea.
| 14 |
A RAPID AND SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE ISOLATION OF TOTAL DNA FROM Trichoderma spp.
Author(s):
V. M. Hima , S. Beena , Cherian, A. K.
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83-85 |
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A RAPID AND SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE ISOLATION OF TOTAL DNA FROM Trichoderma spp.
Abstract
DNA isolation from filamentous fungi is often tedious, time consuming and difficult because they have cell walls that are relatively unsusceptible to lysis. Here described a rapid, inexpensive and reproducible protocol for the isolation of DNA from the filamentous fungus, Trichoderma spp. The present protocol is based on the sodium dodecyl sulfate method without using β- mercaptoethanol and devoid of liquid nitrogen for the maceration. The precipitation of DNA was done using isopropanol and ethanol. The A260/280 absorbance ratio of isolated DNA was ≈1.9 indicating that DNA fraction was pure and could be used for further analysis. The result of DNA electrophoresis in 0.8% agarose gel showed sharp clear bands of DNA, indicated the good quality of DNA. Since this protocol yielded the genetic DNA in sufficient quality and quantity this can be used for the successful isolation of DNA from Trichoderma spp.
| 15 |
Application of Online Learning Management Systems (LMS) in agricultural education- A brief review
Author(s):
Mridula, N , Ahamed P.
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86-89 |
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Application of Online Learning Management Systems (LMS) in agricultural education- A brief review
Abstract
Electronic learning or online learning technologies have great potential to spread learning. Much of the success of e-learning can be attributed to the availability of Learning Management Systems (LMSs), also known as Virtual Learning Environments (VLE) or learning platforms. The online LMSs have made huge gains in filling the digital divide (Frausto and Torres, 2010). In this light, Mohammadi et al. (2011) have suggested that e-learning must be the future trend for agricultural education and agricultural in-service training as well. Online LMSs have been successfully used for agricultural education though it has content issues. Globally there are lots of organizations that provide online agricultural courses ranging from certificate courses to doctoral programmes. Majority of the studies on the effectiveness of online learning uphold that blended learning offers more opportunities to address the issues of contextualization and practical work. So the prospects of using online LMS for agricultural education lie in designing courses through a logical blend of online and contact sessions.
| 16 |
Effect of moisture content in cowpea pods on infestation by spotted pod borer, Maruca vitrata (fab.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Author(s):
Nasiya-Beegum A. N. , Madhu Subramanian.
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90-94 |
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Effect of moisture content in cowpea pods on infestation by spotted pod borer, Maruca vitrata (fab.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Abstract
Fourty eight accessions of cowpea were evaluated for resistance to the spotted pod borer, M. vitrata in the Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur from September 2014 to June 2015. Significant variation was observed between the genotypes in terms of pod borer damage. The pod damage ranged from zero to 47.95 per cent. Eleven accessions, viz., EC 100092, Palakkadan thandan payar, IC 26048, IC39945, IC 2815, KBC – 2, EC 98668, IC 39947, IC 20645, IC 52110 and IC 52118 recorded zero damage to pods. The highest extent of pod damage (47.95%) was recorded in case of Bhagyalakshmy. The moisture content of the pods were analysed, positive and significant correlation was observed between per cent damage and moisture content (0.427) at 0.01 level.
| 17 |
Physiological and Hematobiochemical changes in dogs affected with open and closed pyometra
Author(s):
lakshmikanth. T.R , Chandrashekaramurthy, V. , Honnappa, T.G , Narayanaswamy, H.D , Rathnamma , Kantharaj, S6.
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95-97 |
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Physiological and Hematobiochemical changes in dogs affected with open and closed pyometra
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the changes in physiological and Hematobiochemical changes in open and closed pyometra. Pyometra affected dogs were broadly divided into open and closed pyometra depending on the patency of cervix. clinically healthy dogs served as control. Physiological parameters did not show any significant difference. Normocytic normochromic anemia was evident in both pyometra affected groups when compared to control dogs. TLC and neutrophil count was significantly higher in pyometra affected group. Lymphopenia and eosinopenia was evident in open and closed pyometra. A slight monocytosis was observed in closed pyometra. Band neutrophil was significantly higher in affected groups when compared to control dogs. Hepatic enzymes ALT did not show any significant changes, while AST was significantly increased in closed pyometra. Hyperglobulinemia with hypoalbuminemia with unaltered total protein concentration was consistent with open and closed pyometra. The creatinine concentrations were significantly higher in open and closed pyometra when compared to healthy control dogs.
Keywords: pyometra, open, closed, hematobiochemical, anemia, creatinine
| 18 |
Influence of Irrigation, Nitrogen Stress and Method of Application on Dry Matter Partitioning, Source : Sink Ratio and Nutrient Uptake of Yard Long Bean [Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdcourt]
Author(s):
Anjana R.S. , Dr. Sheela K.R.
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98-104 |
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Influence of Irrigation, Nitrogen Stress and Method of Application on Dry Matter Partitioning, Source : Sink Ratio and Nutrient Uptake of Yard Long Bean [Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdcourt]
Abstract
An investigation was carried out at the College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Kerala, to assess the impact of varying irrigation interval, nitrogen stress and method of application of nutrients (soil, soil + foliar) on dry matter partitioning, source : sink ratio and nutrient uptake of yard long bean. Daily irrigation recorded significantly superior total dry matter production and partitioning of photosynthates towards the source while a better (lower) source : sink ratio (0.75) was recorded by irrigation once in three days at 20 mm depth (I3). Nitrogen and phosphorus uptake were significantly improved in treatments receiving daily irrigation, while K uptake was observed to be superior in irrigation once in three days and daily irrigation. Application of N @ 30 kg ha-1 recorded significantly superior total dry matter production and partitioning of photosynthates towards the source while N level of 25 per cent less than RD resulted in a lower source sink ratio (0.79). Soil application (M1) was found to be superior over soil + foliar application (M2) in total dry matter production, dry matter partitioning towards the sink, uptake of nutrients and in creating a better (lower) source : sink ratio.
| 19 |
Degradation of Drimarene Red, a reactive textile dye by an extremophilic Bacillus sp. isolated from fresh water
Author(s):
Uttara Oak , Vikas Ghattargi , Shrikant Pawar , Bhalchandra Bhole.
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105-113 |
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Degradation of Drimarene Red, a reactive textile dye by an extremophilic Bacillus sp. isolated from fresh water
Abstract
Azo dyes are known for their application in textile dyeing by virtue of their wide range of colours. During the dyeing process, almost 30% of the dye remains unused and enters the effluent stream. Presence of Glauber’s salt (sodium sulphate) or sodium chloride in concentrations 40-100 gl-1 and the highly alkaline (pH 9.8-11.8) nature of the effluent makes conventional treatment (activated sludge process) difficult, as the normal microbial consortium cannot carry out degradation in such conditions. An ideal predominant microorganism, an alkaliphilic and halotolerant bacterium, has been isolated and shown to degrade an azo textile dye (Drimarene Red). The isolate was identified as a species of Bacillus (closely resembling Bacillus beveridgei) and designated Bacillus sp. SG2, based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Dye degradation assessed primarily by decolourization efficiency was assessed under different conditions of temperature, initial pH, aeration and sodium chloride concentration. 90% decolourization was seen at ambient temperature under stationary conditions at pH 9.5 and sodium chloride concentration of 5% (w/v) at 24 hours of incubation. UV-Vis absorbance spectra showed that the maximum absorption peaks for the coloured solutions (522 nm and 542 nm) disappeared after 24 hours of incubation. The m/z values of the peaks obtained after HPLC-MS analysis of the uninoculated broth control (344.05 and 655.28) and the decolourized samples (226.95) indicate that the decolourization can be attributed to biodegradation of the dye.
| 20 |
Predicting the potential distribution of Carthamus lanatus L. (Saffron thistle) using Maximum Entropy model in India
Author(s):
B. Sarath Babu, , Sultan2, K. Rameash , K. Rameash , N. Sivaraj.
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114-120 |
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Predicting the potential distribution of Carthamus lanatus L. (Saffron thistle) using Maximum Entropy model in India
Abstract
Carthamus lanatus L. is closely related to safflower and originated from Mediterranean
Basin. Wild species especially the wild relatives of crop plants are invaluable source or
resistance to several biotic and abiotic stresses, yield, nutritional quality, adaptation and
genetic diversity. In India, the species distribution is restricted to Himachal Pradesh and
Jammu & Kashmir. Ecological niche modelling has been analyzed using Maximum
Entropy method for present and future climatic conditions. The generated MaxEnt model
indicated that parts of Gilgit, Chilas, Baramula, Srinagar, Kupwara, Kargil, Doda, Leh
(Ladakh), Udhampur of Jammu & Kashmir and Chamba and Lahul&Spiti districts of
Himachal Pradesh are the highest probability regions for the distribution of C. lanatus.
| 21 |
Marketing of Minor Forest Product in Amravati District
Author(s):
V.M.Bodade , A.A.Bhopale , P. R. Awaghad .
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115-119 |
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Marketing of Minor Forest Product in Amravati District
Abstract
Forest continues to be of great economic importance and source of important raw materials for many industries and provide employment to people living in or around forests. It is recognized as renewable natural resources. Some of the products obtained from forest trees, plants and shrubs have medicinal properties. The Ayurvedic system of treatment is primarily based on the medicine obtained from vegetables kingdom. Forest is considered as means of sustaining ecological balance and the most important single factor to protect the environments.
The average family size was 5.44. The major minor forest products found in study area were mahua, gum and charoli. Participation of tribal farmers in local institution was satisfactory, but participation of landless labourer was poor. The education standard of tribal farmers as well as landless labourer was low. Most of the respondents sale their MFPs in weekly market. However, some of them were selling their MFPs to local marchant, taluka level traders, Adivasi Multipurpose Co-operative Society. The season (month of collection) of above MFPs varies from product to product however, common season of availability of MFPs was during April-June. The total annual estimated gross returns from MFPs for tribal farmers were Rs.2549, whereas the operating cost incurred by tribal farmers was Rs.1673.Benefit Cost Ratio was 1.52. This revealed that there were minor differences in cost, returns and profitability structure of farm.
(Key words : Minor Forest Products, Operating cost, Employment Generation.)
| 22 |
DISTRIBUTION OF EUGLENOIDS IN RELATION TO WATER QUALITY OF KONANDUR POND, THIRTHAHALLI TALUK, KARNATAKA
Author(s):
NAGARAJ PARISARA , J.NARAYANA , B.R.KIRAN .
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120-126 |
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DISTRIBUTION OF EUGLENOIDS IN RELATION TO WATER QUALITY OF KONANDUR POND, THIRTHAHALLI TALUK, KARNATAKA
Abstract
Distribution of Euglenoids in Konandur pond of Thirthahalli taluk (Karnataka) has been discussed. They serve as indicators of water quality. A total of 04 species and 02 genera of Euglenophyceae were recorded. Euglena and Phacus were represented by 2 species each. The physico-chemical parameters were estimated as per standard methods. The study revealed that, pond water was not much polluted. In the light of standard of water quality recommended by BIS , the pond water should be used for human consumption and cooking after proper treatment.
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Management of thrips on carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) by using biorationals
Author(s):
K. P. MANJU , R. S. GIRADDI , S. M. MANTUR.
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127-132 |
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Management of thrips on carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) by using biorationals
Abstract
Studies on evaluation of efficacy of biorationals against thrips on carnation were conducted during 2013 in an naturally ventilated polyhouse at Hi-tech horticulture unit, Saidapur Farm, MARS, UAS, Dharwad. L. lecanii @ 2 g/l emerged as the best treatment by providing the highest percent protection over control followed by B. bassiana @ 2 g/l and NSKE @ 5%. Lowest per cent protection was seen in P. lilacinus @ 2 g/l treated crop. L. lecanii @ 2 g/l recorded maximum yield, highest net return and cost- benefit ratio followed by NSKE @ 5%.
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Consumption Pattern in Karnataka with Reference to High Value Agriculture Commodities
Author(s):
F. THASNIMOL , H. LOKESHA , MOUNESHWARY R KAMMAR.
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133-138 |
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Consumption Pattern in Karnataka with Reference to High Value Agriculture Commodities
Abstract
The present study analyzed the consumption pattern of the households in rural and urban Karnataka based on the secondary data obtained from various rounds of NSSO. There was a significant difference in the consumption expenditure between rural and urban areas. The MPCE on all food items and non-food items showed an increasing trend in both rural and urban areas. The percentage change in expenditure on total food item was higher in urban areas in comparison with rural areas, whereas in total HVAC, the percentage change was higher in rural areas in comparison with urban counterparts. . The share of HVAC found to be increasing over the years in rural Karnataka, while the reverse trend observed in urban area. In rural areas, the high percentage change in the consumption of HVAC’s were contributed by the increased consumption of egg, fish & meat, followed by fruits & nuts, vegetables, milk and milk products.
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Influences of Thermal Radiation, Heat Generation/Absorption, Variable Electric Conductivity, Variable Surface Temperature and Variable Concentration with Variable Viscosity on Heat and Mass Transfer Flow of Micropolar Fluid past a Stretching Sheet in a Porous Medium
Author(s):
Mohammed Abdur Rahman.
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139-154 |
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Influences of Thermal Radiation, Heat Generation/Absorption, Variable Electric Conductivity, Variable Surface Temperature and Variable Concentration with Variable Viscosity on Heat and Mass Transfer Flow of Micropolar Fluid past a Stretching Sheet in a Porous Medium
Abstract
In this paper we have examined the effect of thermal radiation, heat generation/absorption, variable electric conductivity, variable surface temperature and variable concentration with variable viscosity on heat and mass transfer flow of micropolar fluid past a linear stretching sheet in a porous medium. In this problem the governing partial differential equations are highly non-linear which have been converted into ordinary differential equations by using the similarity transformations and then solved numerically by Shooting technique along with the Runge-Kutta numerical integration with appropriate boundary conditions. The effects of various pertinent non-dimensional governing parameters involved in the problem like , , , , , , , , have been studied on velocity, microrotation, temperature and concentratiuon and discussed through graphs. The physical parameters like local skin-friction coefficient, rate of coupling, surface heat transfer coefficient and surface deposition flux which are very important for engineering interest are also presented for distinct non-dimensional parameters in graphic and discussed their physical interpretation. The results in the paper are found for micropolar liquid fluids. The results of the present paper are compared with earlier studied work and found a close agreement between the results, hence an encouragement for the use of the present code for our problem.
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Effect of hermetic storage of groundnut pods on the adult emergence and pod damage caused by the bruchid, Caryedon serratus (Olivier)
Author(s):
Najitha Ummer , T. Madhumathi.
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155-159 |
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Effect of hermetic storage of groundnut pods on the adult emergence and pod damage caused by the bruchid, Caryedon serratus (Olivier)
Abstract
An experiment on the effectiveness of hermetic storage of groundnut to prevent or reduce the damage caused by C. serratus was conducted by using hermetic bags like Magik bags and Super grain bags. These were compared with conventional storage bags like Nylon bags, Cloth bags, Polythene lined cloth bags, Polythene lined thin netted jute bags, thick netted and thin netted double layered, Thick netted and thin netted single layered jute bags. The adult emergence and pod damage was estimated to measure the effectiveness. Groundnut pods stored in Magik bags were completely free from infestation by C. serratus by recording zero adult emergence and zero pod damage up to six months storage period. The kernels from the pods stored in Magik bags recorded cent per cent germination up to six months of storage.
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EFFECT OF VERMICOMPOST ON ANTIOXIDANT LEVELS IN ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA
Author(s):
Osama Asanousi Lamma , Osama Asanousi Lamma , Moftah Alfeture Moftah .
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160-164 |
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EFFECT OF VERMICOMPOST ON ANTIOXIDANT LEVELS IN ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA
Abstract
Vermicompost is usually a finely divided peat-like material with excellent structure, porosity, aeration, drainage and moisture holding capacity. It helps to process wastes simultaneously producing biofertilizers and proteins. The present study was carried out to find out the changes in the antioxidants levels in selected medicinal plant by the application of vermicompost and inorganic fertilizer at different time intervals (20, 40 and 60days). There is a significant (p<0.01) increase in the levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants at 60 days interval when compared to the control and inorganic fertilizer application. Inorganic fertilizer application caused the significant decrease in the antioxidants in the Andrographis paniculata No significant results are observed in the control without vermicompost.The result of vermicompost experiment indicated that application of vermicompost has positive effects on Andrographis paniculata and showed that the highest antioxidant levels compared with inorganic fertilizers.
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Enzymatic Responses to SriLankan cassava mosaic virus infection in cassava plants after grafting
Author(s):
Asha B Nair , Umamaheswaran K.
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165-170 |
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Enzymatic Responses to SriLankan cassava mosaic virus infection in cassava plants after grafting
Abstract
Enzyme response in cassava plants grafted with Srilankan cassava mosaic virus infected scion have been investigated at different intervals of time. It was observed that the enzyme activity of defense related enzymes was higher in virus inoculated plants compared to the healthy plants.The activity was found to increase at all stages in case of both healthy and infected plants. Peroxidase (PO), Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and Phenyl alanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activities increased and reached the peak value on 60th day after inoculation. Grafted plants exhibited maximum activity for all the enzymes.
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Detection of Heavy Metals in Steel Factory Effluent and Their Effect on Seed Germination, Seedling Growth, Chlorophyll Contents, Growth and Yield of Phaseolus mungo
Author(s):
SURESH KUMAR , VANDANA.
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171-176 |
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Detection of Heavy Metals in Steel Factory Effluent and Their Effect on Seed Germination, Seedling Growth, Chlorophyll Contents, Growth and Yield of Phaseolus mungo
Abstract
Present study was carried out to see the effect of the industrial effluent discharged from steel factory which have several kinds of pollutants like heavy metals. The studies were done in different concentration of effluent. The result showed that low concentration was in favour of germination, seedling growth, chlorophyll contents, growth and yield of Phaseolus mungo while there was gradual decrease with increasing concentration of effluent in germination, seedling growth, chlorophyll contents, growth and yield of Phaseolus mungo. The maximum inhibition was found in pure effluent.
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Diversity, Density & Nutrient lock up efficiency of Macrophytes in a Wetland of N.Bihar
Author(s):
Pammi Kumari , M.M.Jha.
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177-182 |
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Diversity, Density & Nutrient lock up efficiency of Macrophytes in a Wetland of N.Bihar
Abstract
Macrphytes are crucial for the functioning of aquatic ecosystem. They are involved in several feed back mechanisms. Their presence or absence reflects the nutrient status of the system. Greater amounts of nutrients, N, P, and K, in particular, provoke a high primary production, namely, eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems. The frequency, density and abundance of dominant macrophytes was done following Misra(1968). For calculating the nutrient accumulation per unit area the respective mean values for macrophytes were multiplied with the plant density. 28 plant species distributed in 26 genera in 18 families has been identified and documented. In terms of the number of species, emergent species constituted the largest(12) group, followed by rooted floating-leaved(5), free-floating(5), and submerged(6) species . The lock up efficiency of macrophytic components were also found high (metric tons) during study period - viz. (0.63) nitrogen, (0.019) phosphorus and (0.678) of potassium. However it showed a distinct variation throughout the year and it was found to be in direct correlation with the density.
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STANDARDISATION OF COPROANTIGEN DOT ELISA FOR DIAGNOSIS OF BOVINE AMPHISTOMOSIS
Author(s):
DR. H. SHAMEEM , DR.K.Devada , DR. Bindu Lakshmanan , DR.Siju Joseph.
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183-186 |
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STANDARDISATION OF COPROANTIGEN DOT ELISA FOR DIAGNOSIS OF BOVINE AMPHISTOMOSIS
Abstract
Amphistomosis is a snail borne trematode disease in ruminants causing high morbidity and mortality in tropical and subtropical areas causing great economic losses. The disease is caused mainly by immature flukes and seasonally egg producing trematodes which makes conventional ova detection inefficient. Early diagnosis using coproantigens is a novel method showing good promise. The present study was carried out to standardise a rapid field level diagnostic test for early detection of coproantigens in amphistomosis. Hyper immune polyclonal antisera raised in rabbits against excretory secretory antigens of amphistomes were used in the study for coproantigen detection. Out of the fifty known amphistome ova positive samples, 38 gave positive brown dots indicating 76 per cent infection. Twelve positive samples turned negative in Dot ELISA which may be due to the low fluke burden in these animals thus excreting undetectable coproantigens in faeces. Immunodot did not give any false positive reaction and had 100 percent specificity, 76 per cent sensitivity, 100 per cent positive predictive value (PPV) and 62.5 per cent negative predictive value (NPV) with a accuracy of 83 per cent. Use of monoclonal antibodies and more purified antigens can increase the sensitivity of the present test and can be developed to a commercial rapid dipstick ELISA for early diagnosis of amphistomosis.
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Influence of temperature humidity index on the physiological parameters and growth rate of crossbred cattle calves
Author(s):
Aziz Zarina , Dr. G. Girish Varma , Dr. K. Raji , Dr. V. L. Gleeja.
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187-189 |
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Influence of temperature humidity index on the physiological parameters and growth rate of crossbred cattle calves
Abstract
The present study was conducted to assess the adaptation capacity of castrated crossbred cattle calves to the varying temperature humidity prevalent in central midlands of Kerala using physiological and growth parameters. The temperature humidity index recorded throughout the year varied from 76.5 to 82. Rectal temperature remained invariable throughout the experimental period but respiratory rate and pulse rate exhibited a significant correlation (P<0.01) with temperature humidity index. A negative correlation was observed between temperature humidity index and relative growth rate of the experimental animals at P<0.01 level.
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Feeding Effect of Terminalia Arjuna and Guggul on the Biophysical Symptoms of Dyslipidemic Patients
Author(s):
Jain Bharti , Pathak Sakshi , Yadav Shubha.
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190-195 |
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Feeding Effect of Terminalia Arjuna and Guggul on the Biophysical Symptoms of Dyslipidemic Patients
Abstract
Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD) is a chronic, potentially debilitating disease and its prevalence is increasing in all populations in worldwide. Dyslipidemia and Hypertension are closely linked to the pathophysiology of the CVD and are key independent modifiable risk factors for CVD. The bark of the Arjuna is rich in¬ polyphenols and bark of Guggul is rich in guggulsteroneboth are useful as an anti-ischemic and cardio protective agents in Hypertension and Dyslipidemia. The present study was undertaken to assess the impact of Arjuna and Guggul on Blood Pressure of the subjects with Dyslipidemia patient. Purposive random sampling method was chosen to select already diagnosed dyslipidemic male. Out of the total 40 subjects 10 subjects comprised the Control group and 30 subjects comprised Experimental group. In the Experimental group A (10 subjects) were given capsules of Arjuna (1 gm. powder), group B (10 subjects) were given capsules of Guggul (1 gm. powder) and group C (10 subjects) were given capsules of Mixed herb (500 mg Arjuna powder and 500 mg Guggul powder). BMI, Diastolic and Systolic blood pressure were assessed at baseline and after intervention. A self-administrated pre-tested questionnaire was developed to collect general and disease specific information from subjects. In the experimental group the mean BMI, Diastolic and systolic blood pressure decreased significantly after intervention. A statistical significant difference in mean BMI, Diastolic and systolic blood pressure was observed between Experimental and Control group. Supplementation with capsules of Arjuna, Guggul and Mixed herb (both Arjuna and Guggul) brought about a decrease in BMI and blood pressure levels. Thus Arjuna and Guggul can be explored for its beneficial effect in management of Obesity, Hypertension, Dyslipidemia and CVD.
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Herbal healing practices of Indigenous Irular tribal peoples of Sendurai Block at Ariyalur District, TamilNadu
Author(s):
Panneer Selvam K , R.Ezhumalai , A.Vijayaragavan , Rajasekar A , P. Samydurai , V.Aravindhan.
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196-202 |
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Herbal healing practices of Indigenous Irular tribal peoples of Sendurai Block at Ariyalur District, TamilNadu
Abstract
An ethnobotanical survey was carried out among the ethnic groups (Irular) at Sendurai Block in Ariyalur District, South India. The tribal communities of Irular nurture rich knowledge about medicinal plants and its traditional uses. Therefore, we have done an exhaustive ethnobotanical survey in this area. In this present investigation, it is observed that the tribes being used 47 wild valuable plant species belonging to 21 families were identified with relevant information and documented in this paper with regard to their botanical name, family, vernacular name, parts used and utilization by the local tribal people for different human ailments. The common diseases treated by the herbal practitioner were appetizer, aphrodisiacs, asthma, corn, dandruff, diuretic, diabetes, jaundice, indigestion, infertility, piles, paralyzes, skin diseases, stint of scorpion and wasp, ulcer.
