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Paper Title |
Abstract |
Page No |
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| 1 |
Effect of Bio-efficacy and phytotoxicity of Fluroxypyr -Meptyl for broad leaf weed control in onion (Allium cepa)
Author(s):
s.deivasigamani.
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1-5 |
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Effect of Bio-efficacy and phytotoxicity of Fluroxypyr -Meptyl for broad leaf weed control in onion (Allium cepa)
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during kharif seasons of 2012-2013 at Department of Agronomy, Annamalai University, Tamilnadu, India. To study the effect of bio efficacy and phytotoxicity of different herbicides sprayed for broad leaf weed control in onion. The herbicides Fluroxypyr-meptyl 48EC @ 360 g.a.i (750 ml/ha) was applied at 15-20 DAP, that recorded the least weed counts, dry matter and highest weed control index of individual species viz., Amaranthus viridis, Boerhaavia diffusa, Trianthema portulacastrum, Euphorbia hirta etc. The weed dry matter production and weed control index favoring to give higher bulb yield of (80.0q/ha). Fluroxypyr-meptyl 48EC @ 324 g.a.i (675 ml/ha) and hand weeding were on par. Fluroxypyr-meptyl 48EC @ 300 g.a.i (625 ml/ha), Fluroxypyr-meptyl 48EC @252 g.a.i (525 ml/ha) and Pendimethalin 30EC@2500-3300ml/ha were next in order. No phytotoxicity symptoms was observed in the treatments including two times the recommended dose of Fluroxypyr-meptyl 48EC @ 360 g.a.i (750 ml/ha) and Fluroxypyr-meptyl 48EC @ 720 g.a.i (1499 ml/ha) in respect of leaf chlorosis, tip burning, leaf necrosis, leaf epinasty, hyponasty, vein clearing, wilting and rosetting etc.,
| 2 |
HYDROGEOLOGICAL STUDIES OF MARUDAIYARU -ARIYALUR WATERSHED, ARIYALUR DISTRICT, TAMILNADU.
Author(s):
Mr.C.Karthikeyan , Dr.T.Ramkumar , Mr.K.Manoharan .
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6-14 |
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HYDROGEOLOGICAL STUDIES OF MARUDAIYARU -ARIYALUR WATERSHED, ARIYALUR DISTRICT, TAMILNADU.
Abstract
The study area Marudaiyar – Ariyalur mini watershed of Ariyalur district which represents a part of coastal sedimentary plains and river basin is mainly composed of Cretaceous, Tertiary and Quaternary formation which includes calcareous sandstones, shell limestones and alluvium. The hydrogeochemical studies reveals that the pH values of all the samples of the study area are between 7-8 and within the range of utilization, EC and TDS also reveals that two third of the samples fall in Fresh water category both in pre and post monsoon seasons. However, one third falls in brackish water category. Based on the USSL classification, most of the samples of the study area during premonsoon and post monsoon seasons fall in C3S1 category and three samples falls in C2S1 category indicating high salinity and low sodium water type, which can be used for irrigation on almost all types of soil. Piper Trilinear diagram reveals that in the cation plot, most of the water samples falls in Calcium-Sodium facies type and only few samples fall in Calcium-Magnesium facies type, whereas in the anion plot it falls only in Chloride-Sulphate-Bicarbonate facies type. Regarding the condition of the drinking water nearly two third of the samples are within the limits. One third of the samples, which falls in the North Eastern and Eastern side of the study area, were having values above the limits.
Keywords: Cretaceous, Shell limestone, Tertiary formations, dendritic, calcareous, fossiliferous, aquifers.
| 3 |
Effect of different chemicals on production and productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in navarai season
Author(s):
A.KRISHNAVENI , BUDHAR M.N , C. SIVAKUMAR.
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15-22 |
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Effect of different chemicals on production and productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in navarai season
Abstract
Two years of field experiments were conducted to study the effect of different
chemicals as a foliar application at 15 DAT and 30 DAT on growth and yield of paddy
(variety paiyur-1) under irrigated condition in North Western Zone of Tamil Nadu during
navarai season. Among the chemicals, foliar application of 0.5 per cent zinc sulphate at 15
and 30 DAT has recorded the maximum plant height (cm) and no. of tillers followed by
uniconozole @ 50 ppm in this study. The yield attributing parameters viz., no of productive
tillers, no. of panicles per m2, panicle length (cm), grain and straw yield (kg ha-1) were found
to be higher due to foliar application of 0.5 per cent zinc sulphate at 15 and 30 DAT. The
maximum mean grain yield of 6810 kg ha-1 with B C ratio of 2.69 was recorded for foliar
application of 0.5 per cent zinc sulphate applied at 15 and 30 DAT and also increased the
yield to the tune 37 per cent higher than control (4982 kg ha-1)
| 4 |
Antioxidant activity, Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial properties of Syzygium lateum leaves extract.
Author(s):
Kayalvizhi, D , Irulandi. K , Mehalingam. P , Nirmalkumar. N.
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23-30 |
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Antioxidant activity, Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial properties of Syzygium lateum leaves extract.
Abstract
Abstract:
To investigate the phytochemical composition, in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of methanolic extracts of Syzygium lateum leaves. Different solvent extracts (Methanol, Choloroform and Ethyl acetate) were prepared from fresh dried leaves of Syzygium lateum by rotator shaker method. The phytochemical screening was carried out number tested in different solvent extract. Methanolic extract of Syzygium lateum were tested for antimicrobial efficacy against Gram positive, Gram negative and fungal organisms. The antimicrobial effect produced by methanolic and chloroform extract of Syzygium lateum was comparable to that of gentamycin was used as standard. The antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts of Syzygium lateum estimated by free radical scavenging activity was determined treating with different concentrations of Vitamin C as standard antioxidant compound. Syzygium lateum was subjected for phytochemical analysis in different solvent extracts which revealed the presence of reducing compounds, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, terpenoids, phenols and absence of quinone, catachine and coumarine. Methanolic and chloroform extract of Syzygium lateum exhibits antimicrobial activity same as that compared to standard drugs gentamycin. The extract possesses a significant antioxidant potential compared to that of the standards L-ascorbic acid. These results concluded that Syzygium lateum leaves possess high antimicrobial and antioxidant activity and can be used for the development of a safe herbal antioxidant and antimicrobial agents.
Keywords: Syzygium lateum, Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial
| 5 |
Svalbard Global Seed Vault: Global central seed bank
Author(s):
Sarala Yadav , S. K. Yadav , manoj Kumar .
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31-37 |
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Svalbard Global Seed Vault: Global central seed bank
Abstract
Svalbard Global Seed Vault is not a gene bank, it is a facility for maintaining crop diversity in the form of seeds, stored and conserved in a frozen state. The ideal temperature is between minus 10 and minus 20 degrees Celsius. The Seeds in the Seed Vault shall only be accessed when the original seed collections have been lost for any reason. The depositors will retain their rights over the seeds. There will be no way that Svalbard Global Seed Vault, or Norway can give access to the seeds without consent from the depositors. The Seed Vault has the capacity to store 4,5 million different seed samples. Each sample will contain on average 500 seeds, so a maximum of 2,25 billion seeds may be stored in the Seed Vault. The Seed Vault will therefore have the capacity to hold all the unique seed samples that are conserved today by all the approximately 1400 gene banks that are found in more than 100 countries all over the world.
The low temperature and the limited access to oxygen will ensure low metabolic activity and cause a delay in the aging of the seeds. Svalbard is a unique location for such a facility in multiple ways. Svalbard has perfect climate and geology for underground cold storage. Because of the permafrost, the temperature will never rise above minus 3,5 Celsius. The sandstone at Svalbard is stable to build in and low in radiation.
Approximately 6,5 million seeds sample are stored in gene banks today. Only about 1-2 million of these are estimated to be distinct. Plant breeders and researchers are the major users of gene banks. The biggest threat comes from lack of resources and funding. Poor management can be a major problem. Gene banks have been subject to natural disasters, war and civil strife. Many gene banks are situated in developing countries and many have been faced with different challenges over time. Extinction is forever. Different varieties of wheat and potato can disappear as permanently as the dinosaurs.
| 6 |
Effect of Different Levels of Emulsion pH Adjusted with Lactic Acid on the Quality of Chicken Sausages
Author(s):
S.D KARLE , S.N RINDHE , S.U SURYAWANSHI , SUBHASH KUMAR , R.B. GADE.
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38-44 |
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Effect of Different Levels of Emulsion pH Adjusted with Lactic Acid on the Quality of Chicken Sausages
Abstract
The study was aimed at optimizing the pH hurdle during the process of development of shelf stable chicken sausages using hurdle technology. Different levels of emulsion pH (5.50, 5.70 and 5.90) adjusted with lactic acid were tried to develop acceptable quality of chicken sausages. It is observed that the sensory scores for appearance and flavour of the products made from emulsion with 5.70 were comparable to control. As the emulsion pH reduced, the sensory scores for juiciness, texture and overall palatability decreases significantly (P<0.05). Emulsion stability, cooking yield, moisture and fat content of chicken sausages decreased significantly (P<0.05) with decrease in emulsion pH level. Among the treatments emulsion stability and cooking did not differ significantly for emulsion pH 5.90 and 5.70.
Key words: Lactic acid, quality characteristics and chicken sausages
| 7 |
Isolation and identification of major causing bacteria from bovine mastitis
Author(s):
R. Lakshmi , K.K. Jayavardhanan.
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45-48 |
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Isolation and identification of major causing bacteria from bovine mastitis
Abstract
The present study was conducted to isolate and identify the major causing bacteria from mastitis milk sample collected from Kerala veterinary University Livestock Farm, Mannuthy. A total of fifty milk samples were collected from mastitis affected animals and microbiological testing of raw milk was done. Upon microbiological testing the major causing bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, organisms were identified. A total of 31 isolates were identified in milk samples as major pathogen, of which 18 (36%) affected with Staphylococcus aurues followed by 13 (27%) with E. coli organisms. Microbiological testing is necessary for identification of cause of mastitis and adaptation of control measure to get rid of infection.
| 8 |
ECOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION OF DIATOMS IN KONANDUR POND OF THIRTHAHALLI TALUK, KARNATAKA
Author(s):
NAGARAJ PARISARA , J.NARAYANA , B.R.KIRAN , E.T.PUTTAIAH .
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49-55 |
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ECOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION OF DIATOMS IN KONANDUR POND OF THIRTHAHALLI TALUK, KARNATAKA
Abstract
Diatoms are the indicators of water quality. Ecology and Distribution of Diatoms in Konandur pond of Thirthahalli taluk (Karnataka) has been discussed. A total of 16 species and 09 genera of Bacillariophyceae were recorded. Navicula and Cymbella were represented by 4 and 3 species. While, Pinnularia and Synedra were consists of 2 species and rest of the genera consists of single species of diatoms The physico-chemical parameters were estimated as per standard methods. The study revealed that, pond water was not much polluted. In the light of standard of water quality recommended by BIS , the pond water should be used for human consumption and cooking after proper treatment.
| 9 |
EFFECT OF HYDROPHILIC POLYMERS ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF TOMATO
Author(s):
S.Sendur Kumaran.
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56-60 |
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EFFECT OF HYDROPHILIC POLYMERS ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF TOMATO
Abstract
Low rainfall and scarcity of irrigation water severely affect cultivation of vegetables. Therefore, efficient utilization of limited water for the best crop growth and development is of great concern. The hydrophilic polymers are regularly supplying water to the plant based on its need and are greater use in storing water about 100-300 times of their own weight. They can play a vital role in stress alleviation at appropriate time as needed by the plants. Hence this study was undertaken to assess the efficacy of hydrophilic polymers severally and in combination with organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of tomato cv. CO3. The results revealed that the application of polymer TerraCottem 4.5 g per plant with recommended dose of manures and fertilizers (FYM 25 t + NPK 150: 100:50 kg + Azospirillium 2kg + Phosphobacteria 2 kg ha-1) followed by Polyvinyl alcohol 15.0 g per plant with recommended dose of manures and fertilizers improved the growth, yield and quality of rain fed tomato .
| 10 |
Optimizing the strength of hydrophilic polymers on yield and its contributing traits in tomato
Author(s):
S.Sendur Kumaran.
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61-65 |
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Optimizing the strength of hydrophilic polymers on yield and its contributing traits in tomato
Abstract
To standardize the doses of hydrophilic polymers on growth and yield of tomato, a trial was conducted at Horticultural College & Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. The hydrophilic polymers of commercially available viz., Terracottem (TerraCottem International, Belgium), polyvinyl alcohol (Aquatrols corp. of America, USA) and Polyacrylamide (Viterras, Germany) were chosen for the study and used as soil conditioners for tomato cv.Co.3.The results revealed that the TerraCottem 4.5g plant –1 ( T 16) improved the plant height, number of branches per plant, days to 50 % flowering, root length, root dry weight, fruits per plant, fruit weight, yield per plant and dry matter production. The results were on par with higher does of respective polymers.
| 11 |
FUZZY PRE SEMI LAMBDA- CLOSED SETS IN FUZZY SCALABLE STRUCTURE SPACE
Author(s):
Dr.D.Amsaveni , S. Meenakshi , J. Tamilmani.
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66-79 |
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FUZZY PRE SEMI LAMBDA- CLOSED SETS IN FUZZY SCALABLE STRUCTURE SPACE
Abstract
In this paper, a new class of sets called FQ**pre semi- closed sets in fuzzy scalable structure space is introduced and its possible interrelations with other type of FQ** closed sets are studied with necessary counter examples. Similar types of interrelations for continuous functions are also been discussed.
| 12 |
Synthesis of 2, 4, 6-Triaryl Pyridines under Solvent Free Condition
Author(s):
Yuvaraju Kanithi.
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80-84 |
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Synthesis of 2, 4, 6-Triaryl Pyridines under Solvent Free Condition
Abstract
synthesis of 2, 4, 6 triaryl pyridine under solvent free condition is described. Ammonium carbonate effectively catalyzed the reaction in good to excellent yields. Using this catalyst, the reactions could be carried out in a short period of time with very good yield of triaryl pyridines, up to 98% under solvent free condition. This catalyst is cheapest and readily available
| 13 |
Evaluation of Quality Characters of Some Egyptian Clover Genotypes
Author(s):
Zeinab M. Abd El-Naby , Walaa M. E. Mousa , T. K. Abd El-aziz , Magda, N. Rajab.
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85-94 |
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Evaluation of Quality Characters of Some Egyptian Clover Genotypes
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the quality characters (Chemical constituents, cell wall contents and nutritive values) of seven promised Egyptian clover (berseem) genotypes comparing with five chick cultivars. A field trial was carried out at Sids research station in (2012/13 and 2013/14) seasons. The twelve genotypes were sown in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The chemical constituent noted highly significant differences among genotypes in organic matter % which ranged from 85.51% (Gemmiza) to 86.41% (Hatour) with mean average 85.99%. Composite (Hatour + New Hatour) genotype recorded the highest content of crude protein (18.91%) whereas Serw-1 had the lowest value (16.06%). Meanwhile Serw-1 recorded the highest non-fiber carbohydrates% (41.62%) followed by Narmer (41.28%) while, Gemmiza recorded the lowest value (39.13%) with mean average 40.21% over all genotypes. The average mean of crude fiber, ash and ether extraction percentages recorded 25.26, 14.00% and 2.80%, respectively.
Wide variation was recorded for the values of cell wall content; acid detergent fiber% values were ranged from 23.09 to 26.12% with mean average of 24.42% across all genotypes. Also, nutrient detergent fiber% ranged from 32.00 to 39.12 % with mean average of 34.53 % and ADL % ranged from 5.11 to 5.72 % with mean average of 5.32% across all genotypes. Moreover highly significant differences were noted in the nutritive value, crude protein yield ranged from 1.47 to 1.84 t fad-1 and digestible crude protein% which ranged from 11.40 to 14.05% and also total digestible nutrients % ranged from 68.27 to 71.54% with mean average 69.82%.
Khadarawy and Composite (H+N) had the superior dry yield (9.97 and 9.72 t fad-1). Also, Composite (H+N) recorded the highest crude protein% and crude protein yield (t fad-1), while Gemmiza genotype had the lowest values in dry yield, organic matter%, neutral detergent soluble %, soluble fiber%, digestible dry matter %, dry matter intake %, total digestible nutrients %, relative feed value % and relative forage quality %.
Acid detergent fiber showed significant positive correlation, nutrient detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, (r = 0.855** and r = 0.760**, respectively), whereas it was correlated significantly and negatively with neutral detergent soluble, soluble fiber, total digestible nutrients, relative feed value and relative forage quality %. Nutrient detergent fiber was a significantly and negatively correlated with all the other contents except acid detergent fiber% which showed significant positive relation (r = 0.721**). Hatour and Narmer genotypes performed the higher percentages of total digestible nutrients % across all studied genotypes.
Key words: Berseem, Egyptian clover, chemical constituent, cell wall content and nutritive value, correlation.
| 14 |
Molecular Identification of Streptomyces clavuligerus and Structure Elucidation of Its Antimicrobial Efficiency
Author(s):
Dina O. Fathy , Abd-El Gawad M. Hashem , Wafaa N. El-Tayeb , Yasser M. Ragab .
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96-105 |
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Molecular Identification of Streptomyces clavuligerus and Structure Elucidation of Its Antimicrobial Efficiency
Abstract
The present study was carried out for screening antimicrobial substance produced by soil Actinomycetes that demonstrated inhibitory effects against pathogenic microorganisms. Eleven Streptomyces sp. isolates were tested as antimicrobial producers, the most potent producer was isolate encoded C10S19 and was identified by molecular techniques as Streptomyces clavuligerus .The ethyl acetate extract was assayed by paper disk method and purified using thin layer chromatography (TLC). The structure elucidation of antimicrobial agent was performed using ultraviolet (UV), Infra-red (IR) and Mass spectra. Results revealed that the antagonistic activity of clavulanic acid salt and holomycin produced by Streptomyces clavuligerus were active against Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Gram negative Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and unicellular fungi Candida albicans ATCC 10231.
| 15 |
ROLE OF DEFENCE ENZYMES ACTIVITY IN RICE AS INDUCED BY IDM FORMULATIONS AGAINST SHEATH BLIGHT CAUSED BY RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI
Author(s):
T. SUTHIN RAJ , P. ANNA JOICE , D. ANANDEESWARI , H. ANN SUJI.
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106-116 |
pdf |
ROLE OF DEFENCE ENZYMES ACTIVITY IN RICE AS INDUCED BY IDM FORMULATIONS AGAINST SHEATH BLIGHT CAUSED BY RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI
Abstract
Integrated disease management (IDM) of rice sheath blight is gaining momentum and encompasses all the available control methods with each method compensating the deficiencies of others. Among the available IDM practices, combined use of chemical, cultural, biological and host plant resistance is a common phenomenon.Combined applications of bio agent with chemical fungicides are an important IDM package against sheath blight disease. The use of fungal bioagents in controlling rice sheath blight in an IDM is gaining more importance.The combination of seaweeds, Annamalai mixture with P. fluorescens was used for the Integrated Disease Management.Induction of defence enzymes in crop plants treated with bio-control agents and challenged with the pathogen. Defense reaction occurs due to accumulation of peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase and PR-protein like -1, 3-glucanase etc. by estimating theses enzyme activity helpful to study the role of these enzymes in defence against the plant pathogen. Among the various treatment, the plants treated with S. wightii, P. fluorescens and Annamalai mixture (seed, prophylactic spraying at 20, 35 and 50 DAT) followed by challenge inoculated with R. solani (T6) recorded a maximum induction of β -1,3-glucanase activity 76.2 µg of Glucose released/min/g of fresh tissue on 7th day after pathogen inoculation. Among the various treatment, the plants treated with S. wightii, P. fluorescens and Annamalai mixture (seed, prophylactic spraying at 20, 35 and 50 DAT) followed by challenge inoculated with R. solani (T6) recorded maximum induction of Peroxidase activity (61.11 changes in absorbance/min/g of fresh tissue) at 7th day after pathogen inoculation. Application of S. wightii, P. fluorescens and Annamalai mixture (seed,prophylactic spraying at 20, 35 and 50 DAT) followed by challenge inoculated with R. solani (T6) recorded maximum induction of PPO activity(3.50 changes in absorbance/min/g of fresh tissue) at 7th day, which decreased further. PAL activity was found to increase significantly in plants treated with S. wightii, P. fluorescens and Annamalai mixture (seed, prophylactic spraying at 20, 35 and 50 DAT) followed by challenge inoculated with R. solani (T6) recorded maximum induction of PAL activity (5.20 changes in absorbance/min/g of fresh tissue) at 7th day there after it decreased. In conclusion, prior treatment of combined application of S. wightii, P. fluorescens and Annamalai mixture (seed, prophylactic spraying at 20, 35 and 50 DAT) (T5) followed by challenge inoculation with R. solani triggered the plant mediated defense mechanism that in turn reduce the sheath blight incidence in rice.
| 16 |
Present status of Parasitic and Bacterial diseases in Fresh Water Fish Seed Farms in East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh
Author(s):
P.Sandeep , B.Chamundeswari Devi , K.Phaneendra Kumar.
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117-121 |
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Present status of Parasitic and Bacterial diseases in Fresh Water Fish Seed Farms in East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh
Abstract
Fisheries play an important role in providing livelihood option to the rural poor and also supporting Indian economy. The inland fisheries successes depend on the two critical factors the seed and the feed. The seed production systems of Indian Major Carps IMC were already standardized by central and state Govt. Research institutes. Chinese hatchery standardized for Chinese carps were also adopted for IMC. Since 1960 commercial scale of seed production of IMC is by the private hatcheries. But recently the seed quality is not up to the mark and it is deteriorating drastically. As a result, seed farms and grow out culture systems are affected with serious disease problems mostly with parasitic and bacterial diseases. It is mainly due to the inbreeding depression of stock. The present study was conducted from stretch of Kadiyam to Vetlapalem (along Samalkota irrigation canal). Fish farmers who are having nursery farms (spawn) reported that, they were facing often with parasitic and bacterial diseases. On other hand local hatcheries (within the State) are not providing healthy spawn and also brood stock is not having genetic vigour as a result of inbreeding. Further local hatcheries are inadequate to supply spawn of grass carps and big head sufficiently. As a result a fish seed farmer always depends on the West Bengal traders for supply of seed of bighead and grass carp. The present paper has been focus on the importance and urgent necessity of brood stock development to reduce inbreeding depression and increasing genetic vigour.
| 17 |
Effect of different diets of Corcyra cephalonicaon fecundity, longevity, and emergence percentage of Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja. (Hymenoptera : Trichogrammatoidea) under laboratory condition in Arunachal Pradesh
Author(s):
Michi Mamung , Awadhesh Kumar.
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122-126 |
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Effect of different diets of Corcyra cephalonicaon fecundity, longevity, and emergence percentage of Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja. (Hymenoptera : Trichogrammatoidea) under laboratory condition in Arunachal Pradesh
Abstract
Study was carried out to assess for fecundity, emergence percentage and longevity of Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja on eggs of Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton)which was obtained by rearing the Corcyra larvae on different cereals as diets and its combination under State bio-control laboratory, Naharlagun, Arunachal Pradesh from 2012 to 2014. The maximum number of Corcyra egg wasparasitized when the parasitoid was reared on host egg produced from jobstear+rice bran (61.30) and minimum parasitism was when the trichogramma was produced from host egg reared on rice bran (42.70). Maximum female longevity of 9.1 days was observed on host egg reared on rice + maize; while minimum was 4.8 days on host egg reared on maize. Highest number of trichogramma adult emergencewas observed on Trichogrammatoidea bactrae fed on host egg reared on maize+rice bran (77.17) and lowest emergence observed on rice bran (57.82).Combined diet with rice bran seems to have positive effect on development of the parasitoid.Therefore, it is suggested that mixing 50% rice bran with different cereal is more suitable as well as economical for mass production of T.bactrae.This also implies that the quality of host diethad considerable effect on quality and efficiency of the egg parasitoid,Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja.
| 18 |
DAIRY EFFICIENCY OF COWS ACCORDING TO THE TYPE OF THEIR BODY BUILD
Author(s):
Soatov Utkir Rajabovich,.
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127-130 |
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DAIRY EFFICIENCY OF COWS ACCORDING TO THE TYPE OF THEIR BODY BUILD
Abstract
Studies have shown, that breeding traits and exterior features of productive cows shwis breed also involve the types of parental couples. Cows received from mothers and fathers of the milk type, characterized not only proportionally developed of body shape, but also desirable breeding attributes and fairly high level of milk production. It is ascertained that the cows received from dairy type fathers and mothers distinguish themselves with the best dairy efficiency and payment of forage by production more than their coevals which are received from pairing of dairy type bulls with dairy-meat and meat-and-milk type mothers.
| 19 |
Assessment of Metabolic Profile in Type 2 Diabetic Patients of Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh
Author(s):
KK Reddy , KSN Reddy , K. Sivaprasad , J. Lalu Naik , D. Anwar Basha.
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131-139 |
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Assessment of Metabolic Profile in Type 2 Diabetic Patients of Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh
Abstract
Present study has been undertaken to assess the metabolic profile of 918 adult type-2 diabetic patients attending the different clinics in Tirupati town of Andhra Pradesh state. Data on demography, socioeconomic status, physical activity, anthropometry, blood pressure and lipid profile are procured. BMI is greater in women and WHR is greater in men than to their counterparts. 38 percent of males and 42 percent of females are classified as hypertensives. Hyperglycemia is 16 percent in males and 20 percent in females. Hypercholesterolaemia is 42 percent. Low HDLC is observed to an extent of 55 percent in males and 50 percent in females. 46 percent of the males and 50 percent of the females are documented with a cluster of risk factors termed as metabolic syndrome. Multinominal regression model reveals that overweight/obese subjects pose greater burden of MetS than normal weight subjects. In conclusion, obese adults are particularly at risk of developing MetS, with significant implications for their health. Hence, promotion of healthy lifestyles, increased physical activity may reduce the burden of developing MetS mediated diseases.
| 20 |
Studies on physical, morphological and rheological properties of custard apple (Annona squamosa L.)
Author(s):
Dr. V.P. Kad Kad , Prof. M.S. Jadhav , Dr. C.A. Nimbalkar .
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140-147 |
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Studies on physical, morphological and rheological properties of custard apple (Annona squamosa L.)
Abstract
A knowledge of physical and morphological properties of custard apple fruit and seeds as well as rheological properties of pulp-flakes are important for determining the unit operations during processing of custard apple pulp and for design of pulp-flakes extractor. In the present investigation, physical and morphological properties of custard apple fruit such as peel, carpellary pulp, gritty pulp and weight of seeds per fruit were found to be 46.77, 35.36, 11.63 and 6.24 %, respectively. Size, sphericity, and angle of repose were found to be increased with increase in moisture content while bulk density, true density and porosity decreased with increase in moisture content of custard apple seeds. It is of vital importance to study the separation of flakes of custard apple from seeds and to find out the force required for the separation. Rheological properties of custard apple pulp-flakes such as stickiness (184.34 g), hardness (596.67 g), cohesiveness (0.31) and viscosity (50.9 cP) were observed along with the shear force (1.84 N) required to separate the pulp-flakes from seeds.
| 21 |
Studies on Ultrasonic behaviour of Dysprosium Soaps in Methanol
Author(s):
S. K. Upadhyay.
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148-152 |
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Studies on Ultrasonic behaviour of Dysprosium Soaps in Methanol
Abstract
The ultrasonic velocity of solution of dysprosium myristate and state soaps in methanol have been measured at constant temperature and results have been used to evaluate the various acoustic parameters. The result shows that ultarasonic velocity molar sound velocity density and specific acoustic impedence increases but adiabatic compressibility and intermolecular free length decreases with increasing soap concentration. The values of solvation number are almost constant for dilute solution but decreases rapidly above the critical micelle concentration with increasing soap concentration. The apparent molal compressibility and apparent molal volume of dysprosium soap solution in methanol vary linearly below the CMC.
| 22 |
Studies on Density and Viscosity of Dysprosium Soaps in Methanol
Author(s):
S. K. Upadhyay.
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153-157 |
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Studies on Density and Viscosity of Dysprosium Soaps in Methanol
Abstract
The density ,viscosity and specific viscosity of solution of dysprosium soaps ( butyrate and valerate) in methanol was found to increase with increasing sopa concentration and with the number of carbon atom in the soap molecule . The viscisity results have been explained on the basis of the equations proposed by Einstein, Moulik, Vand and Dole The values of the molar volume calculated by Einstein’s and Vand’s equation are agreement with each other.
| 23 |
PIGMENTAL COMPOSITION AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS ON THE WATER QUALITY OF SALOG RIVER IN HILONGOS, LEYTE, PHILIPPINES
Author(s):
ALANNA JOYCE C. JIMENEZ , FELIX M. SALAS , Dr. Elizabeth S. Quevedo , Ms. Shaziel Charmane B. Pepito.
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158-162 |
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PIGMENTAL COMPOSITION AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS ON THE WATER QUALITY OF SALOG RIVER IN HILONGOS, LEYTE, PHILIPPINES
Abstract
The study was conducted to determine the pigmental composition of freshwater algae in Salog River, investigate the physicochemical properties of its water, and evaluate the quality of the river based on standard limits set by the national and international environmental agencies. Results of the pigmental analysis showed that chlorophyll a ranged from 1.226 to 28.238 ppm, chlorophyll b ranged from 3.526 to 21.180 ppm and total carotenoids from 2.274 to 7.994 ppm. The pigment composition of the freshwater algae showed a strong, positive correlation with the phosphorus, pH, TDS and conductivity levels of Salog River. On the contrary, only with TSS that the pigment composition of the algae showed a strong, negative correlation. On the other hand, the phosphorus (0.045-0.187 ppm), total dissolved solids (202.4-306.2 ppm) and total suspended solids (21.7-49.8 ppm) are below the tolerable limits set by DENR, WHO and USEPA. However, the pH (6.3-8.9) and conductivity (305.8-443.0 µS) values were within the standard limits. Thus, Salog River has a good water quality.
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Status and changing trends of coral reefs in Lakshadweep archipelago after 1998 mass bleaching event – long term monitoring survey
Author(s):
Idreesbabu K.K , S. Sureshkumar.
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163-175 |
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Status and changing trends of coral reefs in Lakshadweep archipelago after 1998 mass bleaching event – long term monitoring survey
Abstract
The status of coral health and trends of the coral reef of Lakshadweep islands were not known before the mass bleaching event of 1998. Moreover, the status of the coral reef of Lakshadweep Islands is restricted toqualitative descriptions. Quantitative description on the percentage cover and abundance of the coral species and the benthic substrate composition status of the Lakshadweep reefs are essential for the assessments of reef health and inevitable to create accurate baselines for long-term monitoring.As a preliminary attempt, the status of the coral reefs in 12 atolls of this Archipelago incorporating generic composition and percentage occurrence of different coral species and other benthic substrate types in different atolls have been documented. This baseline information will be of much importance to assess the effect of the natural and anthropogenic alterations in the coral reef ecosystem of these atolls in a long term perspective.
Keywords- status; coral; health; trends; Lakshadweep; islands
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Studies the effect of ionic strength of medium on the thermodynamic parameters of etodolac with Cu (II), Zn (II) complexes
Author(s):
A.N. SONAR.
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176-179 |
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Studies the effect of ionic strength of medium on the thermodynamic parameters of etodolac with Cu (II), Zn (II) complexes
Abstract
The metal-ligand and proton–ligand stability constant of Cu(II) and Zn(II) with substituted heterocyclic drug (Etodolac) were determined at various ionic strength by pH metric titration. NaClO4 was used to maintain ionic strength of solution. The results obtained were, extrapolated to the zero ionic strength using an equation with one individual parameter. The thermodynamic stability constant of the complexes were also calculated.
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Scientific Basis for the Therapeutic use of Clitoria ternatea linn. (Aprajita): A Review
Author(s):
Sanjeev Kumar , Abhishek Kumar , Anil Kumar Singh.
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180-187 |
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Scientific Basis for the Therapeutic use of Clitoria ternatea linn. (Aprajita): A Review
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the therapeutic uses of Clitoria ternatea Linn.. Aparijita (Clitoria ternatea Linn.) (Fam. Fabaceae); a perennial climber with slender downy stem, found throughout the tropical regions of the country being cultivated in gardens everywhere and often also found growing over hedges and thickets. The herb has been mentioned in several Ayurvedic treatises including Samhitas viz. Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Chakradatta, Sharangdhar samhita, Bhaisajya-ratnavali Nighantus. Its efficacy and safety is supported by research and thousands of years of knowledge and experience. Despite being such an old medicine, its new benefits are constantly being studied. Aprajita is one of the most efficacious herbs known in Ayurvedic pharmacopeia since vedic times. Hence here is an attempt to compile all the classical references of Aprajita a wonder drug.
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PARTICIPATORY APPROACH OF WOMEN SELF HELP GROUPS IN STRENGTHENING GRASSROOTS DEMOCRACY
Author(s):
Dr. Simple Jain , Dolly Mogra.
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188-199 |
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PARTICIPATORY APPROACH OF WOMEN SELF HELP GROUPS IN STRENGTHENING GRASSROOTS DEMOCRACY
Abstract
India lives in villages and unless village life is revitalized the nation as a whole can hardly make any progress. Thus, there is a need to involve people in the decision making processes at grassroot level. The 73rd Constitutional Amendment provides a unique opportunity to promote local self governance in rural areas through establishment of Gram Sabha under article 243 A. The Gram Sabha is a constitutional body of all adult members of a village. Gram Sabha has the power and responsive to make gram panchayat transparent and directly accountable to the people. It is introduced to have decentralized planning and evaluation with people's participation from the bottom line. But the studies and previous literatures show that many Gram Sabhas are not functioning as expected. Many reasons behind it but major identified reasons are unavailability of information and ignorance about the power and functioning of Gram Sabha. Thus there is a prime need to improve the working of Gram Sabhas to bring the gains of democracy and to spread the economic prosperity evenly across the country.
Self – Help Group (SHG) can play an important role in strengthening grassroots democracy by framing and implementing the policies and programmes catering to the needs of women by their active participation in meetings and discussions at various hierarchy level of Panchayati Raj. Women SHG members can work as community leaders which represent the problems of thousands and millions of rural women who are otherwise kept aside by the policy planners at the top level. They can ensure the holding of Gram Sabha meeting and directly increase the participation in the meeting by motivating and creating awareness among villagers, especially, women. By the initiatives of SHGs on developmental issues Gram Sabha will be strengthen approaching social as well as economic and cultural development. Thus the interface between the Gram Sabha and SHGs need to be activated for ensuring good governance.
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CONSTRAINTS MILITATING AGAINST THE USE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY IN EXTENSION SERVICE DELIVERY IN THE NORTHERN REGION OF GHANA
Author(s):
Gumah Salifu , Obeng Francis , Mustapha Mas-ud.
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200-206 |
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CONSTRAINTS MILITATING AGAINST THE USE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY IN EXTENSION SERVICE DELIVERY IN THE NORTHERN REGION OF GHANA
Abstract
This study focused on constraints militating against the use of information and communication technology in extension service delivery in the Northern Region of Ghana. A sample size of 180 respondents consisting of ninety (90) Agricultural Extension Agents (AEAs) and ninety (90) farmers were interviewed and the results analyzed. Simple random and stratified sampling techniques were used in selecting respondents. Kendall’s Coefficient of Concordance (W) was used to test for the level of agreement among the ranking of the constraints by AEAs and farmers in the use of ICT for extension service. The results of the study showed that lack of technical know-how, and network failure problems were common constraints to both the AEAs and the farmers. The study recommended that the Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MoFA) should organize workshop and seminars to train AEAs who should intend train farmers in the use of some ICTs facilities for extension service delivery. The results of the study also showed lack of funds as a constraint militating against the use of ICTs by AEAs and farmers in extension service delivery. This calls for the Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MoFA) to use part of its budgetary allocation on yearly basis to import simple, durable but inexpensive ICTs and supply as input to farmers and AEAs at a lower cost compared to the prevailing market price.
Key words: Availability, Accessibility, Utilization, farmers, Agricultural Extension Agents
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Preparation and testing of foliar based micronutrient mixture for secondary hardening of tissue culture banana (Musa AAB) Nendran
Author(s):
A. PREMALATHA , Dr. P.R. SURESH.
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207-210 |
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Preparation and testing of foliar based micronutrient mixture for secondary hardening of tissue culture banana (Musa AAB) Nendran
Abstract
An experiment was conducted in College of Agriculture, Padannakad, Kerala during 2014-2015 to prepare micronutrient mixture for foliar spray and to evaluate this micronutrient mixture on biometric characters of banana cv. Nendran. The experiment consisted of 13 treatments as foliar sprays at immediately after planting, two weeks and three weeks after planting. Maximum plant height (20.210 cm) was recorded in T10– 0.5% 3 sprays. Highest number of leaves (6.750) and leaf breadth (7.325 cm) was recorded in T9 – 0.25% 3 sprays. T5 recorded highest leaf length (19.575 cm).
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Occurrence of Gymnopetalum cochinchinense (Lour.) Kurz. (Apolka) in Garo Hills of Meghalaya, India
Author(s):
Ornella K Sangma , Arindam Barman , Chinky M Marak , Cheana S Sangma.
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211-215 |
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Occurrence of Gymnopetalum cochinchinense (Lour.) Kurz. (Apolka) in Garo Hills of Meghalaya, India
Abstract
Gymnopetalum cochinchinense (Lour.) Kurz. (Apolka) occurs widely in all the parts of Garo Hills of Meghalaya. Twenty (20) germplasm lines of Apolka were collected from different parts of Garo Hills of Meghalaya. All twenty (20) germplasms were characterized based on eight (8) qualitative and three (3) quantitative traits. The accession GC 4 had the maximum fruit length, fruit weight and number of seeds per fruit. Considering the importance of this crop in livelihood of local population the aim of this paper is to provide information on occurrence and variation among various qualitative and quantitative traits of Apolka found in Garo Hills of Meghalaya.
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A STUDY ON THE FARMING PATTERNS OPTED BY FARMERS WITH REFERENCE TO SUBSIDY AND PROMOTIONAL STRATEGIES
Author(s):
Dr. Hemanthkumar.S. , Mohit Kalllur.
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216-221 |
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A STUDY ON THE FARMING PATTERNS OPTED BY FARMERS WITH REFERENCE TO SUBSIDY AND PROMOTIONAL STRATEGIES
Abstract
Traditional methods were used since ancient periods for irrigating farms. A few that come to mind are like natural rain, flood irrigation, bunds irrigation and etc. One of the most important systems is the Drip Irrigation System. Many farmers assume that they have to spend a lot on a drip or a sprinkler system for irrigation, but a drip system can be set up quickly and easily and with very little money invested no matter how large, or small, your farm is. The subsidy for Drip Irrigation that has been set up by the Ministry of Agriculture is in the ratio of 4:1. The research survey shows that there is a need to increase the awareness through Promotion activities such as advertisement at the dealers and field level promotion activities. The study found that farmers are unhappy with replacement policy of all the dealers who blame the company for delay. It is becoming increasingly clear that with the advent of high yielding varieties the next major advance in our agricultural production is expected to come through efficient water management practices like adoption of water saving methods such as micro irrigation.
Keywords : Farmers, Farms, Irrigation, Promotion, Subsidy.
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Mass Transfer Modelling During Osmotic Dehydration of Aonla (Emblica Officinalis Gaertn.) Slices Cv. Chakaiya Prior to Air Drying
Author(s):
Prof. M.S. Jadhav , Dr. H.G. More , Dr. C.A. Nimbalkar *.
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222-232 |
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Mass Transfer Modelling During Osmotic Dehydration of Aonla (Emblica Officinalis Gaertn.) Slices Cv. Chakaiya Prior to Air Drying
Abstract
Investigation on osmotic dehydration of aonla slices of Chakaiya variety was carried out to remove partial moisture prior to convective drying. Three sugar concentration levels (50, 60 and 70oBrix), three temperatures levels of osmotic solution (40, 50 and 60oC) and constant solution to fruit ratio of 6:1 (v/w) were employed and observations on water loss and solute gain were recorded at an interval of 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 min. A two parameter mathematical model developed by Azura et al. was used for describing the mass transfer kinetics during osmotic dehydration of aonla slices. Effects of immersion time on mass transfer was studied and constants of two parameter model and final equilibrium points for water loss and solute gain were determined. Water loss from and solute gain by the aonla slices increased non-linearly with the duration of osmosis at all sugar concentrations and both were higher in the initial period of osmosis than the later period. Further, both the water loss and solute gain were increased with increasing sugar concentration. Model was able to predict mass transfer data of osmotic dehydration up to the equilibrium point using data of relatively short duration of osmosis.
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Guiera senegalensis (Gs) Leaves as Source of Proteins and Minerals for Small Ruminants in Dry Areas of Western Sudan
Author(s):
Nabaa Kamal Alshafei , Abdulkadir Elzein Elshafie , Abdelfattah Nour.
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233-239 |
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Guiera senegalensis (Gs) Leaves as Source of Proteins and Minerals for Small Ruminants in Dry Areas of Western Sudan
Abstract
The dry areas of Kordufan in Western Sudan fall in arid and semiarid areas and contain local livestock species cows, sheep goats and camels. Animal graze in open pasture and depend on grass during rainy season, and browse trees and shrubs during dry season. Feeds for small ruminants become progressively poorer in quality and quantity with the progress of the dry season. Browse trees and shrubs can provide supplemental nutrition for small ruminants and other livestock in arid areas. However, data on the nutritive value of their leaves has not been sufficient. The aim of this study is to determine the proximate analysis, including protein content, using AOAC procedures, and the minerals profile of leaves of Guiera senegalensis (Gs), which is used as medicinal plant and fodder for livestock in Western Kordufan, Sudan. Gs leaves were collected from bushes in Western Kordufan where Gs grows in abundance and survives the low rainfall. Leaves were dried in the shade and ground before analysis. The mineral profile analysis was conducted by using Inductively Coupled Plasma/ Optical Emission Spectrometry to determine the following minerals in Gs leaves: Calcium, Potassium, Sodium, Iron, Magnesium, boron, Zinc, Co, Zr, Sn, Sb, Barium, Lead, As, Cadmium, Aluminum, Copper, Mercury, Chromium, and Lithium. Most of the elements detected were found to be within the permissible limits set by FAO/WHO, and can provide important minerals for growth and production of small ruminants in areas where mineral nutrition did not receive the attention it deserves. In addition, the study showed that this plant is rich in proteins (13.93%), ash (2.15%), crude fiber (60.50 %), fats (2.80%) and DMD (95.90%). As far as we know, no comparable data is available for proteins, crude fiber and fat content of Gs leaves obtained from shrubs grown in sandy soil of the dry lands of Western Sudan. It is clear from our observations that the leaves of Gs can provide important nutrients, especially proteins and minerals, for small ruminants in Western Sudan. Further studies are need to determine the digestibility of the leaves and its use as a supplement for crop residues fed to small ruminants during the dry season.
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ISOLATION AND PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSES OF MOMORDICA CHARANTIA L., SEED EXTRACT
Author(s):
K.Muthu , S. SANGEETHA.
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240-242 |
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ISOLATION AND PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSES OF MOMORDICA CHARANTIA L., SEED EXTRACT
Abstract
Momordica charantia L. is an important vegetable crop and used in folk, Siddha, and ayurvedic medicine. This plant contains rich sources of various bioactive phytochemicals are present which responsible to therapeutic activity. The present research study, Momordica charantia seed was extracted with acetic methanol. The acetic methanol extract was concentrated to obtained dark reddish brown paste. This paste was a partition with column chromatography using the solvent such as n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol. This partition was concentrated and qualitatively analysis of primary phytochemical tests. The chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol fractions contain steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, amino acids, and tannins are present.
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Sandstone quarry in relation to change in diversity, distribution and community organization of trees in sub-tropical forest of Mizoram, North east India
Author(s):
Prof. B. P. Mishra.
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243-252 |
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Sandstone quarry in relation to change in diversity, distribution and community organization of trees in sub-tropical forest of Mizoram, North east India
Abstract
Mizoram is one of the 8 states fall under North East India. Sandstone quarryis prevalent in state, and it has great socio-economic value. On other hand, it is very detrimental to environment particularly, vegetation, water and soil of the area. In view of this, the present study has been carried out to assess the impact of sandstone quarry on diversity, distribution and community structure of trees in sub-tropical forests of Mizoram, north-east India.The study was conducted in forest standsin catchment area of Tlawngriver, situated nearby villages Sairangand Shimmuih, 26 km away from the state capital Aizawl in Mizoram. A total of four sampling sites were selected. Of these, three sites were selected in sandstone quarry affected areas with different ages of mining, representing undisturbed, mildly disturbed and highly disturbed sites. The fourth sampling site was selected in un-mined area representing reference site. The quadrat method was adopted for field data on vegetation to compute various phytosociological analyses, and diversity and distribution of plants.Altogether, a total of 49 tree species belonging to 41 genera and 25 families of angiosperms were recorded from all four selected study sites. The findings reveal that undisturbed stand harbors maximum number of species. There was shift in position of dominant species and families along disturbance gradient. The species common to all sites having high ecological amplitude. The disturbance leads to reduced girth classes from undisturbed to highly disturbed stand. Majority of species showed contagious distribution pattern and few random distribution. The diversity index decreased with increase in degree of disturbance. On the contrary, dominance index followed a reverse trend of result. Sorenson’s index of similarity indicate that mildly disturbed site was more similar with highly disturbed site.
There is an ample scope of scientific method for quarry to minimize adverse effects of mining on vegetation. Phase-wise clearing of forest and re-vegetatingabandoned areas with suitable species especially soil binding plants may be more effective to minimize land deterioration. Moreover, environment awareness campaign should be launched for rural indigenous people to educate them for damage to the environment due to unscientific mining. It seems that integrated approach involving local people, NGOs and Government organizations could be an effective tool for proper management of abandoned mine areas.
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Amino acids content of the Sudanese Guiera senegalensis’Leaves and Antimicrobial Patterns of Leaves and Roots Extracts
Author(s):
Nabaa Kamal Al Shafei , Elmansouri Mahadi Elmansouri , Abdelfattah Nour.
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253-261 |
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Amino acids content of the Sudanese Guiera senegalensis’Leaves and Antimicrobial Patterns of Leaves and Roots Extracts
Abstract
The study was carried out to assess the amino acids content of Guiera senegalensis (Gs) leaves and the antimicrobial activity of leaves and roots bark extract. Gs is used as a traditional medicinal plant by herb users in western Kordufan, Sudan. The leaves extracts were used in different serial dilution (100, 80, 70, and 60%) using solvent of different polarities, water, methanol and ethanol. The methanol and ethanol extracts were found to be active against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonaswhere they recorded zoon of growth inhibition ≥10 mm which is concerned active. Aqueous extract appeared to have weak antimicrobial activity compared to other solvents. Gs leaves have a high content of essential amino acids which is together with its high protein content reflect a desirable nutritional value. On the other hand, although roots extracts did not show appreciable antimicrobial activity, the root powder has been used for treatment of wounds including diabetic wounds. Research is needed to investigate if the roots powder and extract have factors that promote wound healing. Gs is a valuable traditional medicinal plant and its leaves can also be used as protein and essential amino acid supplement. The amino acid composition together with other phytochemical components and antimicrobial activities of Gs leaves extract represent a huge potential for pharmaceutical drugs development.
