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Paper Title |
Abstract |
Page No |
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| 1 |
EFFECT OF MULCHING AND BORON APPLICATION ON GROWTH, PRODUCTIVITY AND WATER USE OF WINTER NIGER UNDER RED-LATERITIC BELT OF WEST BENGAL
Author(s):
B. K. Saren , Sudeshna Kar , Lina Halder , Kausik Mandal.
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1-6 |
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EFFECT OF MULCHING AND BORON APPLICATION ON GROWTH, PRODUCTIVITY AND WATER USE OF WINTER NIGER UNDER RED-LATERITIC BELT OF WEST BENGAL
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at Agriculture Farm, Visva-Bharati, West Bengal, India(23039/N latitude and 87042/E longitude and average altitude of 58.9m MSL) during winter (rabi) season of 2010-11 and 2011-12 to investigate the effect of mulching and boron on the growth, yield and water use of rainfed Niger [Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass]. The design of the experiment was Split-plot with three replications. Four levels of mulching (no mulching, soil dusting, straw mulching @ 2 t/ha and 7 t/ha) were alloted in the main plots and three levels of 0.2% borax spraying viz. control, at branching only, branching and flowering stages were allocated randomly in the sub-plots. The recommended dose of NPK was 50 kg kg/ha N, 25 kg/ha P2O5 and 25 kg/ha K2O respectively applied as basal. Results showed a significant influence of mulching and boron on growth, yield vis-a-vis water use of winter niger under purely rainfed situation. The highest plant height, dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, crop growth rate, seed yield and stick yield were documented with the application of straw mulching @ 7 t/ha as well as boron spraying @ 0.2% borax at branching and flowering stages. No mulched plots unable to conserve sufficient moisture to grow satisfactory crop and hence recorded the lowest results. Maximum consumptive use and minimum consumptive use efficiency were noticed under no mulching treatment whereas spraying of boron @ 0.2% borax at both the stages recorded higher water use and water use efficiency as comparison to other treatments.
Key words: Mulching, Boron, Niger, growth, yield and water use.
| 2 |
Biological Evaluation of the Antibacterial efficiency of some Biodegradable Detergents and some Commercial Disinfectants
Author(s):
Dina A. Maany , Ahmed I. El-Diwany , Amr A. El-Waseif.
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7-12 |
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Biological Evaluation of the Antibacterial efficiency of some Biodegradable Detergents and some Commercial Disinfectants
Abstract
Antiseptics and disinfectants are used extensively in hospitals and other health care settings for a variety of topical and hard-surface applications. However, their antibacterial effectiveness is not always well declared by the manufacturers and consumers find it difficult to choose the right product according to their needs. Four biodegradable detergents: K3, NanoClear, NanotolPrimer and NanoFix, products of commercial company were tested for their antimicrobial activity and compared with commercial disinfectants such as Dettol and Clorox against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27953, Bacillus cereus ATCC 33018, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Lethal Contact Time was carried out. The results revealed that %10 Nanofix, %3 NanotolPrimer, %50 NanoClear except for P.aeruginosa was %100 and %10 K3 except for P.aeruginosa was %15, Dettol %5 and Clorox %5. The results showed that: Nanofix and Nanotol Primer had an effective antimicrobial effect nearly similar to that of Dettol and Clorox while K3 affected the tested microorganisms moderately and Nanoclear affected all tested bacterial pathogens only in the concentrated form without dilution. Also a test of Contact Lethal Time of concentrated detergents against test organisms at time intervals 0, 30 seconds and 1, 2, 5, 10 minutes was carried out and the results showed that the biodegradable detergents were acting as antiseptics not as disinfectants while the commercial disinfectants (Dettol and Clorox) were disinfectants showing no growth of bacterial cells after contact time less than 30 seconds
| 3 |
RESPONSE OF TOMATO (Lycopersicum esculentum var. Mill) TO DIFFERENT LEVELS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA
Author(s):
Ewulo, B. S. , Sanni, k. O. , Adesina, J. M..
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13-20 |
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RESPONSE OF TOMATO (Lycopersicum esculentum var. Mill) TO DIFFERENT LEVELS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA
Abstract
A randomized complete block experiment was carried out at the teaching and research farm of Federal University of Technology, Akure (7°16¢N, 5°12¢E) located in the rain forest vegetation zone of Nigeria, to examine the response of tomato to Nitrogen and Phosphorus source. The treatments consist, of urea at two levels of application (50kg ha-1and 100kg ha -1) and single supper phosphate (SSP), also at two levels of application (60kg ha-1 and 180kg ha-1). The experiment design was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replicates. Soil samples were collected and analyzed before and after the experiment for soil pH, O: C, N, P, Ca, Mg, K, and Base Saturation. Plant and growth parameter (plant height, numbers of leaves, stem girth, and number of leaves) were collected at two weeks interval. The results were statically analyzed showed. The result of the study indicated that combined use of nitrogen and phosphorus inorganic fertilizer does not have significant positive (P>0.05) effect on tomato growth, yield and soil nutrient after harvesting. The best combination for the combined use of nitrogen and phosphorus inorganic fertilizer tomato growth is 50kg/ha urea + 60kg /ha SSP, while for yield is 10kg/ha urea + 180kg/ha SSP. While 0kg/ha urea + 60kg/ha SSP gave significant (P<0.05) effect in terms of number of leaves, plant height, number of branches, stem girth, number of fruits and weight of fruits.
| 4 |
Production and Marketing of Potato and Poverty Reduction: Linkages and Pathways
Author(s):
Dr. Channaveere Gowda B.N , Dr. K.G. Suresh Kumar.
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21-32 |
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Production and Marketing of Potato and Poverty Reduction: Linkages and Pathways
Abstract
Abstract
This paper studies the linkages between increases in Production and Marketing of Potato and poverty reduction. The evidence suggests that there are multiple pathways through which increases in potato productivity can reduce poverty, including real income changes, employment generation, rural non-farm multiplier effects, and food prices effects. However, barriers to technology adoption, initial asset endowments, and constraints to market access may all inhibit the ability of the poorest to participate in the gains from potato productivity growth. However there are multiple, complex pathways linking production and market of potato productivity to real income changes that respond to various market forces. There is strong evidence for indirect poverty reduction through employment generation, rural non-farm multiplier effects, and food prices effects; however contextual factors determine whether market forces resolve most favorably for the poor. Furthermore, the resulting equilibrium in agricultural and labor markets may affect poor net food buying households differently than poor net food producers. The available evidence supports the theories that when incomes from marketing and production of potato and the real wage rate increase and the rural non-farm economy grow, real household incomes increase and the percentage of the population living below international poverty lines decreases. Nutritional status or other aspects of well being, such as health measures and education, may also improve.
Keywords: potato, productivity, non-farm economy, employment generation, technology
| 5 |
Quality attributes of traditional foods of central Kerala
Author(s):
E.R.Aneena , P.S.Lakshmi , C.L .Sharon , Seeja Thomachan Panjikkaran.
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33-36 |
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Quality attributes of traditional foods of central Kerala
Abstract
Traditional cuisine is represented as a wide spectrum of food cultures with distinctive regional differences and preferences. Loss of traditional knowledge related to food production may lead to extinction of nutritional food products as well as skills gained through generations. Chemical composition of replicated traditional foods revealed that most of the traditional foods are rich in certain macro and micro nutrients. Protein content of the replicated foods varied from 0.56 to 18.97 per cent with the highest protein content in rankayyan and the lowest in karinellikka. Above 20 mg of calcium per 100 g was found in paniyaram (57.3mg), karinellikka (32.24 mg), madhura puttu (44.71 mg), muttayappam (44.01 mg) poruvelangai (38.9 mg), and rankayyan (56.4 mg). The iron content of 100 g of replicated foods varied from 0.36 mg to 2.86 mg with the highest and lowest contents in niracha pathiri and muttayappam respectively. The evaluation of nutrient content showed a variation in nutritional composition among the replicated traditional foods due to the variation in the ingredients used for the preparation. It is evident that the endangered traditional foods can be replicated under prevailing conditions preserving their quality attributes.
Key words: Traditional foods, nutritional qualities, poruvelangai, manda, inderiyappam, kala kala
| 6 |
Water Gardens-creating for Green landscape Infrastructure
Author(s):
Chandan Singh Ahirwar , Shrijana Pradhan , Shivashankara.
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37-43 |
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Water Gardens-creating for Green landscape Infrastructure
Abstract
Green Infrastructure is the network of natural and semi-natural features, green spaces, rivers and lakes that intersperse and connect villages, towns and cities. Individually, these elements are Green Infrastructure assets, and the roles that these assets play are Green Infrastructure functions. When appropriately planned, designed and managed, the assets and functions have the potential to deliver a wide range of benefits – from providing sustainable transport links to mitigating and adapting the effects of climate change. When properly planned and managed, water gardens are restful, relaxing, and beautiful additions to any landscape. However, if you get started on the wrong foot, your water garden will be difficult or even stressful to manage. This publication promotes a low intensity approach to water gardening and attempts to dispel some common misconceptions that can lead to problems in managing a water garden.
| 7 |
OPTICAL STUDY ON NANOSIZED EUROPIUM DOPED Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 CERAMICS
Author(s):
Nuja John , Nandakumar K..
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44-51 |
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OPTICAL STUDY ON NANOSIZED EUROPIUM DOPED Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 CERAMICS
Abstract
The nanosized pure and europium doped Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 ceramic systems have been synthesized by an aqueous organic gel route. The systems have been characterized for their structure by XRD. Particle morphology and size of the powder has been examined using SEM and TEM. The transmission electron microscopy images illustrate that the pure system powders consist of spherical particles with average size of 45 nm and europium doped system powders consist of nano rods with average size of 25 nm. Under UV light excitation, the Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 ceramic powder exhibited a blue emission band with a maximum at 440 nm. By doping with Eu3+, orange red emitting phosphor rods can be realized. Luminescence measurements of europium doped system are assigned to the 4f-4f transitions of europium ions in the Strontium Barium Niobate host lattice. The nonlinear absorption behavior of nanosized europium doped Strontium Barium Niobate ceramic system has been investigated employing the open aperture Z-scan experiment using 532 nm, 5 ns laser pulses.
| 8 |
Novel, Simple, Sensitive and Rapid Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Cardol using Sulfanilamides as New Class of Coupling Reagents
Author(s):
Akheel Ahmed Syed , Mohsina Begum , Isa Baba Koki .
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52-57 |
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Novel, Simple, Sensitive and Rapid Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Cardol using Sulfanilamides as New Class of Coupling Reagents
Abstract
First-ever three spectrophotometric methods using sulfanilamide (SAA), sulfadoxine (SDX) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX), the widely used sulfa drugs as new class of coupling agents for the spectrophotometric determination of cardol, a phenolic compound found in cashew nut shell liquid, a by-product of cashew industry is proposed. The methods are based on the interaction of diazotized sulfa drugs with cardol to produce an orange yellow colored product with a maximum absorption at 440 nm. The color developed was stable up to 6 h. The methods obey Beer’s law. The methods can be successfully employed for the determination of cardol in presence of anions and cations, which do not interfere in the methods.
Key words: Cardol, Diazotization, Sulfanilamide, Sulfadoxine, Sulfamethoxazole, Spectrophotometry
