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| 1 |
A STUDY ON SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL SAMPLES WITH CHEMICAL FERTILIZER RESIDUES UNDER DIFFERENT CROPPING PATTERNS
Author(s):
Divya J , Belagali S.L.
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1-8 |
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A STUDY ON SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL SAMPLES WITH CHEMICAL FERTILIZER RESIDUES UNDER DIFFERENT CROPPING PATTERNS
Abstract
The physico-chemical characteristics of soil samples from agricultural fields of Hunsur taluk were analyzed for seasonal variations. The seasonal variations of main soil characteristics were studied under different cropping pattern in the agricultural lands of Hunsur taluk. The soil samples were collected during rainy, winter and summer seasons from 15 different agricultural lands and were analyzed for different physico–chemical characteristics and chemical fertilizer residues. From the study, it was concluded that, in all the soil samples, urea and DAP residues were detected. The pH of soil samples were found to be neutral to alkaline in nature and the ions like calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium were found to vary during all the seasons. Most of the ionic content was found to be decrease during winter season. The total nitrogen and ammoniacal-nitrogen content were found to be higher in all the seasons.
Key Words: Urea, DAP, Soil Characteristics, Cropping pattern.
| 2 |
Isolation and Screening of Indigenous Entomopathogenic Fungi against Sucking Pests of Vegetables
Author(s):
Reji Rani O.P , Shifa B.S. , Soni K. B. , Sudharma K..
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9-17 |
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Isolation and Screening of Indigenous Entomopathogenic Fungi against Sucking Pests of Vegetables
Abstract
Geographical variation and strain specificity can alter the host specificity of entomopathogenic fungi. Since entomopathogenic fungi is one of the safe and alternative tool for pest management and management of sucking pests in vegetables often demands repeated use of systemic insecticides, attempts were made to isolate indigenous strains of entomopathogenic fungi specific to sucking pests infesting vegetables grown in Kerala. Infected insects collected from various fields and soils collected from cropped, non cropped forests as well as sacred groves were used for isolation using insect bait method, soil dilution plating and Warcup method. The morphological characters were studied using Motic images and molecular characterization was done using tools like Polymerase Chain Reaction, ITS DNA amplification and sequencing. Among different isolates we could locate three entomopathogenic fungi belonging to Ascomycota coming under the genus Lecanicillium and its two closely related genera Eupenicillium and Simplicillium. Though all the three were infective to sucking pest, the isolate Ls Vs.1, identified as Lecanicillium saksenae was found to be the most promising one. Conidial suspension of L. saksenae at 6.98 X 107 spores ml-1 was found to cause 100 % mortality to Aphis craccivora within 24 hours. In this context we propose Lecanicillium saksenae (ITCC No: of Ls.Vs.1 -7714) collected from Vellayani soil as a potent entomopathogen effective to sucking pests of vegetables.
Keywords – entomopathogenic fungi; Lecanicillium saksenae; indigenous isolates; isolation; molecular characterisation
| 3 |
Study of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Root Anatomy under Aerobic and Waterlogged Conditions.
Author(s):
Pavan J Kundur , Vimarsha H S , Ram Sanjay , Krishnamurthy K V , HARISH B.G , SHASHIDHAR H. E.
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18-28 |
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Study of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Root Anatomy under Aerobic and Waterlogged Conditions.
Abstract
Rice has served as a prime model plant species for studies of constitutive root aerenchyma. In present investigation, 20 days old seedling root anatomy were studies ineight diverse and phenotypically contrastingricegenotypes.Studies were carried out in contrasting water regimes i.e. aerobic and water-logging situations.Higher number of aerenchyma formation wereobserved in water logging treatment compared to aerobic condition. Thus, development of aerenchyma in response to water logged condition would help supply O2 to root cells. Aerenchyma cells in aerobic roots ranged from 11 (BJ21) to 23 (Devamallige). However, under water logged condition, Higher numbers were observed ranging from 19 (Jeerigesanna) to 28 (BI33). Aerenchyma number showed highly significant positive correlation with pith area (r = 0.57) and negatively correlation with xylem numbers (r = -0.46) and phloem number (r = -0.46). On the other hand, cross section area radius positively correlated with pith area (r = 0.41) and xylem number (r = 0.70).
| 4 |
CONCURRENT INCIDENCE OF PYOMETRA AND VAGINAL TUMOR IN A BITCH
Author(s):
N.Arunmozhi , T.Sathiamoorthy , P.Sridevi , A.Sabarinathan .
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29-31 |
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CONCURRENT INCIDENCE OF PYOMETRA AND VAGINAL TUMOR IN A BITCH
Abstract
Concurrent incidence of pyometra and vaginal tumor in a bitch and its successful surgical management is presented.
| 5 |
Conception rate in Repeat Breeder Cows following Multiple Artificial Inseminations during Spontaneous Estrus
Author(s):
S. Kantharaj , V. Chandrashekara Murthy , Suresh S. Honnappagol , V. Girish Kumar , S.G. Ramachandra , Lakshmikanth. T.R.
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32-36 |
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Conception rate in Repeat Breeder Cows following Multiple Artificial Inseminations during Spontaneous Estrus
Abstract
The present study was aimed to determine whether the application of multiple A.I with frozen-thawed semen of good fertility during spontaneous estrus would improve pregnancy rates in repeat breeder cows. Twenty two repeat breeder cows were randomly allotted to two different treatments. Group-I (control) consisted of 11 repeat breeder cows which were done single A.I. during the observed estrus. Group-II (treatment) consisted of 11 repeat breeder cows which were subjected to multiple A.I during the observed estrus until the estrus signs subside. Analysis of the data revealed that there was no significant differences (P>0.05) in the mean serum progesterone concentrations between the two groups at the time of A.I. All the repeat breeder cows in the two groups were found negative for subclinical endometritis. The conception rates obtained were 18.18 and 27.27 per cent in Group-I and Group-II repeat breeder cows, respectively. There was a significant (P<0.05) difference in the conception rate between the two groups. It can be concluded that multiple A.I could be implemented in repeat breeder cows with appreciable conception rates without incurring any financial constraints to the poor farmers.
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Effectiveness of obstetrical interventions and quality of labor on neonatal viability in dogs
Author(s):
Dr. JAYAKUMAR. C , Dr. Krishnaswamy. A , Dr. Sudha. G.
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37-48 |
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Effectiveness of obstetrical interventions and quality of labor on neonatal viability in dogs
Abstract
Pup mortality is considered a significant problem in the dog. The present study aimed to evaluate the incidence of neonatal loss in eutocic and dystocic canine deliveries and also the influence of various obstetrical interventions and course of labor on the neonatal viability in dystocic dogs and in animals subjected to elective cesarean. Also, the study aimed to determine the random blood glucose, serum total calcium and progesterone in dogs experiencing dystocia. The present study established that hypoglycemia and hypocalcemia is an infrequent cause of maternal dystocia and that the neonatal viability is maximum when an elective cesarean section is carried out when the serum progesterone concentrations are very close to basal levels. The incidence of stillbirths and neonatal mortality in canines was found to be fairly high and even higher following difficult births. The present investigation confirmed that pup mortality cannot be divorced from the assessment of the influence of whelping process and that the first 24 hours after birth was found to be the most critical period for the neonatal mortality and was closely related to the duration of labor and the type of obstetrical intervention employed to relieve dystocia. The importance of resuscitation in improving the vitality of pups born of dystocic deliveries was established and also suggested that elective cesarean in dogs is a safe technique for obtaining maximum neonatal survival.
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Evaluation of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatus (L.) Lam.) Germplasm Suitable for the Coastal Agroclimatic Situation of Sundarbans, West Bengal
Author(s):
Mrinmay Sasmal , Chandan Kumar Mondal , Prabir Kumar Garain , Pinaki Acharyya.
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49-57 |
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Evaluation of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatus (L.) Lam.) Germplasm Suitable for the Coastal Agroclimatic Situation of Sundarbans, West Bengal
Abstract
Sweet Potato is an important tuber crop of rabi-summer season, suitable for the coastal agro-climatic situation of Sundarban due to its tolerance to salinity, to partial drought and to pest & diseases. However, due to lack of availability of location specific variety, the farmers of this region harvest far below the potential productivity of this crop which is around 15 – 17 t/ha. Hence it is imperative to replace the traditional undescribed germplasm with some superior genotypes through introduction and screening. With this objective thirteen genotypes (90/101, BCSP-7, Kamala Sundari, BCSP -10, h-200, TSP12/4, Pusa Safed, Samrat, Sree Bhadra, ST-14, Kishan, Sree Nandini, Sree Vardhini) were collected and evaluated at the Instructional Farm of Ramkrishna Ashram Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Nimpith, South 24 Parganas, West Bengal, for yield and qualitative parameters. Data were collected on sixteen growth and yield related traits and then subjected to statistical analysis. Five genotypes, namely Sree Nandini, Pusa Safed, H-200, Kamala Sundari and 90/101, recorded significantly higher value for the major yield contributing characters, i.e., tuber fresh weight, number of tuber/hill, tuber diameter, vine intermodal length and leaf area. The fresh tuber yield per hill was also high for these genotypes, which were 630.00g, 726.00g, 790.77g, 861.37g and 683.23g per hill, respectively. Though, Kamala Sundari recorded highest yield as well as β-carotene content, it showed poor storability. Considering all parameters, three genotypes, namely H-200, 90/101 and Pusa Safed proved tsuitable for the farmers of Sundarban region.
| 8 |
Potency of Banana Peel Application and Packaging in Enhancing Shelf Life of Banana Chips
Author(s):
Sonia, N. S , Mini, C , Geethalekshmi, P. R.
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58-66 |
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Potency of Banana Peel Application and Packaging in Enhancing Shelf Life of Banana Chips
Abstract
The potency of banana peel and effect of packaging in enhancing the shelf life of Nendran banana chips was explored. Banana chips prepared with and without banana peel addition were stored in low density polyethylene (LDPE) pouches, tri-layered laminated pouches and under modified atmospheric packaging (MAP) in laminated pouches for three months. Banana peel application and MAP were found effective in retaining quality parameters. Chips prepared with 0.02% fresh banana peel and packed under MAP in laminated pouches showed low moisture (6.83%), FFA value (5.79 mg KOH/g), peroxide value (8.13 meq. O2/ kg), highest iodine value (9.22), yellowness index (108.54) and crispness (4.10) at the end of 90 days of storage. Higher mean rank value for sensory quality parameters and highest antioxidant activity (10.90 ± 1.10 %) were also recorded by this treatment.
The study revealed that incorporation of 0.02% fresh banana peel to frying oil at smoke point of 1650C and storing under MAP system in laminated pouches ensures shelf life of three months to Nendran banana chips.
| 9 |
SCREENING OF CARNATION VARIETIES AGAINST THRIPS, Thrips tabaci (LINDERMAN) IN PROTECTED CULTIVATION
Author(s):
K. P. MANJU , R. S. GIRADDI , S. M. MANTUR.
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67-72 |
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SCREENING OF CARNATION VARIETIES AGAINST THRIPS, Thrips tabaci (LINDERMAN) IN PROTECTED CULTIVATION
Abstract
Thrips (Thrips tabaci) are one of the most destructive insect pest, which impair plant growth, quality and yield of carnation. Incidence and damage aspects of Thrips tabaci investigated on five carnation varieties viz., Lisa, Gaudina, Liberty, Charmant, Randez vous at Hi-tech horticulture unit, Saidapur Farm, MARS, UAS, Dharwad under polyhouse conditions. Among the varieties, Randez Vous, Liberty and Lisa were identified as the best varieties by recording lowest thrips population. Conversely Charmant and Gaudina were found susceptible, recorded the highest thrips population. Lowest petal distortion by thrips was noticed on the variety Randez vous (12.87%) followed by variety Liberty (20.63%) and Lisa (25.14%) which registered less crop damage indicated that these varieties are significantly superior to other varieties for suppressing the thrips population. Significantly highest petal distortion observed in variety Charmant (61.59%) and Gaudina (52.55%) found to be susceptible to thrips infestation.
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FOOD RISK ASSESSMENT OF PROCESSED FOOD PRODUCTS SOLD BY WOMEN FOOD BUSINESS OPERATORS IN TRIVANDRUM, KERALA
Author(s):
Anila, H. L , Prasanna Kumari, B. , Meena Kumari, K. S.
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73-82 |
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FOOD RISK ASSESSMENT OF PROCESSED FOOD PRODUCTS SOLD BY WOMEN FOOD BUSINESS OPERATORS IN TRIVANDRUM, KERALA
Abstract
The healthy wellbeing of mankind depends mainly on the consumption of quality food. These days Self Help Groups (SHG) are implementing a large number of village cottage industries, especially food processing industries. The objectives of the study is to assess microbial quality of processed food items prepared by women food business operators. In this regard, 50 SHG women from ten vegetable and fruit processing units who are involved in food processing trade in Trivandrum and Kollam Districts, Kerala were selected for the study. The present study was undertaken to investigate the microbiological and chemical quality of ten most commonly processed and sold processed food items by women food business operators. One processed product from each unit were aseptically collected for conducting food risk assessment through microbial and chemical tests. Thus a total number of ten processed food items sold by these units were selected for conducting food risk assessment. The samples were analyzed by standard procedures within one day of procurement. Microbial analysis of the food samples revealed high loads of bacterial and fungal contamination. Results of the microbial test revealed that total bacterial count in nine samples varied between 18.5 - 159.5x104 cfu/ g and fungal contamination varied between 4.50 – 67.0 x 103 cfu/ g.
With regard to food risk assessment through chemical tests, it was found that only one product (lemon pickle) contained higher level of preservative than permissible limits and in four products (narunandi squash, nutmeg syrup, grape wine and jack fruit health tonic) it was seen that the total soluble solids content was lesser than the prescribed standards as per food safety regulations (FSSAI). The study highlights the need for conducting food risk assessment of small scale processing units, and also conducting awareness programmes for the food business operators for maintaining quality of processed foods.
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Weed seed bank studies in the field of Fodder Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.)]
Author(s):
G. Prabhu , Srinivasan R , S. R. Kantwa , D R Palsaniya , Manoj Chaudhary.
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83-88 |
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Weed seed bank studies in the field of Fodder Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.)]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of herbicidal treatments on diversity of weed seed bank in fodder cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) cropping field. Four weed species were common to all the experiments during the winter season. Weed diversity was greater in pendimethalin (1.34) at 0-15 cm depth and Quizalofop ethyl + oxyflorfen (1.09) at 15-30 cm depth. Considerably smaller size of soil seed bank was found in the 15-30 cm soil depth. About three-fourth of soil seed bank during winter season was accounted by Anagallis arvensis and Spergula arvensis in all the treatments. Build-up of very large seed bank of Anagallis arvensis and Spergula arvensis in all the treatments indicated that in future these species may become predominant weeds.
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Effect of caprine ovarian follicular fluid on maturation of caprine oocytes in vitro
Author(s):
Dr. Lakshmikanth,T.R , Dr. Devaraj.M. , Krishnaswamy, A.K , Chandrashekara Murthy,V.4.
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89-92 |
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Effect of caprine ovarian follicular fluid on maturation of caprine oocytes in vitro
Abstract
The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of caprine follicular fluid on the maturation of caprine oocytes in vitro. The follicular fluid was collected by aspiration of visible follicles of size >3mm in diameter from slaughter house ovaries. The caprine ovaries were collected immediately after slaughter and cumulus oocyte complexes were retrieved by aspiration followed by slicing , graded and subjected to in vitro maturation in 25, 50 and 100 per cent concentration of caprine follicular fluid. The basic culture medium (Control) comprised of Tissue culture medium (TCM199), BSA (3mg/ml) and Gentamicin (50µg/ml). Only grade A and B were placed in the culture medium in Petri dishes with overlaying mineral oil and incubated for 24 h at 38ºC, 5%CO2 in 95 per cent relative humidity. The maturation was evaluated by cumulus expansion score and extrusion of first polar body.
The maturation rate of caprine oocytes in 25,50, and 100 per cent concentration of caprine follicular fluid were 78.50±2.4,77.63± 2.57 and 83.65±3.59 respectively which was significantly higher than those that obtained in control (55.08±3.76). It can be concluded that addition of follicular fluid to culture medium enhances the maturation of caprine oocytes in vitro.
Keywords: Follicular fluid, caprine, in vitro, maturation, polar body
| 13 |
In vitro study of fungicides and biocontrol agents against Colletotrichum capsici causing anthracnose of chilli (Capsicum annuumm L.)
Author(s):
Shilpa Treasa Chacko , Dr. C. Gokulapalan.
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93-98 |
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In vitro study of fungicides and biocontrol agents against Colletotrichum capsici causing anthracnose of chilli (Capsicum annuumm L.)
Abstract
Nine fungicides namely: carbendazim, mancozeb, captan+hexaconazole, chlorothalonil, propiconazole, difenoconazole, azoxystrobin and bioagents namely: Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas flourescens were evaluated in vitro by using poisoned food technique and dual culture respectively for studying their effect on the inhibition of mycelial growth of C.capsici. Among these fungicides maximum inhibition on mycelial growth was observed in propiconazole (0.1%) and difenoconazole (0.1%) (100%) followed by captan + hexaconazole 0.1% with 86.66 percent growth inhibition over control. The fungicide carbendazim @ 0.05% recorded 75% inhibition. This was followed by mancozeb @ 0.2% which recorded 70% inhibition. Azoxystrobin @ 0.1% recorded 67.50% inhibition. The least inhibition (63.77%) was recorded in chlorothalonil @ 0.1%. In dual culture mycelial growth inhibition of 55.5% was recorded in T. viride. Pseudomonas flourescens recorded 90% mycelial growth inhibition of the pathogen
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Crop weather relationship in pigeonpea (Cajanas cajan L.)
Author(s):
mekala ratnam , Dr S.Rajamani , Dr M.Sreekanth , Dr E. Narayana .
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99-102 |
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Crop weather relationship in pigeonpea (Cajanas cajan L.)
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam farm, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, to study the crop weather relationship in pigeonpea under Krisha agro climatic conditions of Andhra Pradesh during kharif and rabi 2014-15 with two newly developed redgram genotypes viz., LRG 52 and LRG 104. The two varieties were sown from 2nd FN of June to 1st FN of October, total sowings adopted were eight at fortnightly intervals. The crop sown on 2nd FN of June received maximum rainfall and maximum temperature followed by sowings during 1st and 2nd FN of July and the lowest with 1st FN of October. Maximum sunshine hours (5.7 hrsd-1) recorded with 1st FN of October sowing, whereas early sowings received comparatively low sunshine hours. Due to variation in agro-climatic environment under different sowing windows, days to 50 % flowering, plant height, number of pods plant-1, yield were affected greatly. Weather parameters viz., total rainfall received with plant yield, maxuimum temperature with days to 50 % flowering, maximum number of sunshine hours day-1 with number of pods plant-1 and plant yield were found positive significant correlation, with the two newly developed redgram genotypes.
| 15 |
Women Empowerment Indicators: A Study of Gadarpur Block of Udham Singh Nagar District
Author(s):
Dr.Kiran Arya.
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103-105 |
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Women Empowerment Indicators: A Study of Gadarpur Block of Udham Singh Nagar District
Abstract
Empowerment in the context of women’s development is a way of defining, challenging and overcoming barriers in a woman’s life through which she increases her ability to shape her life and environment. It is an active, multidimensional process which should enable women to realize their full identity and power in all spheres of life. Women constitute almost half of the total population in the world and out of which two third of world’s adult illiterates are women. According to FAO, the most disadvantaged section of society is the women; they are the ‘silent majority’ of the world’s poor. Seventy per cent of the world’s poor are women. This study was conducted in one of the development blocks of Udham Singh Nagar district i.e. Gadarpur block on 100 women respondents (the wives of household heads) selected from four villages of Gadarpur block. The result indicated that the maximum percentages of the women respondents were found to be having medium level of empowerment. It means the women have less involvement in decision making right on family affairs, agricultural matters, occupational matters and the women have little bit freedom of free avenues of expression.
| 16 |
Pod rot of cowpea and its management using fungicides
Author(s):
Milsha George , V.K.Girija.
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106-111 |
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Pod rot of cowpea and its management using fungicides
Abstract
Wet rot disease of cowpea pods were found in the seed production plots of vegetable cowpea (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdcourt), at College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Kerala during October – November 2014. The mature pods exhibited symptoms like water soaking, wet rotting and shrivelling of pods. The disease was more severe during the hot and high humid conditions. Under high humid conditions, the pods were covered with white cottony mycelial growth of the pathogen with heavy fructifications. The pathogen causing the pod rot of cowpea was isolated from the diseased pods and based on cultural and morphological characters, the pathogen was identified as the Choanephora cucurbitarum (Berk. & Ravenel) Thaxt. Pathogenicity was proven by artificial inoculation of the pathogen on fresh pods and symptoms such as water soaking and wet rotting developed within 24 h. Nine fungicides such as mancozeb, copper hydroxide, copper oxy chloride, azoxystrobin, carbendazim, carboxin, propiconazole, captan + hexaconzole and carbendazim + mancozeb at three concentrations i.e., lower than recommended dose, recommended dose and higher than recommended were tested to evaluate the efficacy to inhibit the growth of C.cucurbitarum under in vitro conditions. Results showed that two contact fungicides mancozeb and copper oxy chloride, two systemic fungicides propiconazole and carboxin at three concentrations gave 100% inhibition of the pathogen, whereas, the two combination fungicides at recommended and higher dose gave complete suppression of the pathogen.
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PHENOTYPIC AND MOLECULAR SCREENING OF ADVANCED BACK CROSS POPULATION FOR NECK BLAST RESISTANCE IN RICE
Author(s):
M Girija Rani , Ravi Kumar, B.N.V.S.R , Bhuvaneswari V , Krishnam Raju S.
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112-116 |
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PHENOTYPIC AND MOLECULAR SCREENING OF ADVANCED BACK CROSS POPULATION FOR NECK BLAST RESISTANCE IN RICE
Abstract
Rice blast is the most devastating disease causing severe yield loss due to prevalence of neck blast at reproductive stage. Location specific and wide variation in physiological races of blast pathogen results in identification of less stable resistant lines by phenotypic screening. Molecular markers are powerful tools to detect presence of blast resistant genes besides screening in blast nurseries. Present study was undertaken with an objective to detect neck blast resistant lines in advanced back cross ( BC2F3 and BC2F4) population of Samba mahsuri/ WGL 167 and samba mahsuri/OR 2309-19 in neck blast nurseries and using molecular markers. Polymorphic marker RM 224 linked to pi-1 blast resistant gene identified between Samba mahsuri and WGL 167 where as RM 206 a pik-h gene linked marker between Samba mahsuri and OR 2309-19 were used to screen advanced back cross lines. Thirty three lines were found to be resistant (score 0 or 1) in Samba mahsuri/WGL 167 population and 136 lines in Samba mahsuri/OR 2309-19 under disease pressure of 9 as per SES of IRRI in BC2F3 population during rabi 2010. Among the resistant lines, twenty six lines co segregated with resistant allele of RM 224 in Samba mahsuri/WGL 167 mapping population where as seventeen lines co segregated with resistant allele of RM 206. These selected resistant lines advanced to BC2F4 generation subjected to neck blast screening in rabi 2011 and identified 19 resistant lines in Samba Mahsuri/WGL 167 mapping population and 22 resistant lines in Samba Mahsuri /OR 2309 showing disparity in disease reactions in the two seasons. But fourteen lines co segregated for resistant allele of RM 224 in samba mahsuri/ WGL 167 and seven lines cosegregated with resistant allele of RM 206 showing stable disease reaction in both the seasons. These results indicated that molecular markers are powerful in identification of resistant lines as phenotypic screening is influenced by environment in expression of virulence of pathogen against resistant genes.
