| Sr No. |
Paper Title |
Abstract |
Page No |
Download |
| 1 |
aural haematoma and its surgical management in non discript cat
Author(s):
dr.chethan d h , dr.shwetha.k.s , dr.narasimha murthy , shashwath B S.
|
View
|
1-3 |
pdf |
aural haematoma and its surgical management in non discript cat
Abstract
A Six years old female cat presented to private clinic, Bangalore with complaint of swollen at left ear flap since two days, associated with ear scratching since many days. On examination the left ear pinna was swollen, soft to touch and evinced pain on palpation. The condition was diagnosed as the aural haematoma. Linear incision was made on the swollen part and removed blood clots and fibrin debris and ear flaps are closed by horizontal suture pattern and with post antibiotic therapy finally pet was recovered uneventfully.
| 2 |
Impact of Front line demonstrations on yield and economics of Tomato in Chikkaballapur district of Karnataka
Author(s):
M. Shalini , Devaraja , Manjunath Gowda.
|
View
|
4-8 |
pdf |
Impact of Front line demonstrations on yield and economics of Tomato in Chikkaballapur district of Karnataka
Abstract
Tomato is a major vegetable crop grown in Chikkaballapura district of Karnataka. One of the major constraints of low productivity of this vegetable may be due to partial adoption of recommended package of practices by the tomato growers. The present study was undertaken to address the yield gap through FLDs on Tomato crop. ICAR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Chintamani, Chikkaballapur (Karnataka) conducted 18 demonstrations on tomato since 2013-14 to 2015-16 in different locations of the districts. Prevailing farmers’ practices were treated as control for comparison with recommended practices. In the three years data it was observed that mulching reduced weed count, labour required for weeding and frequency of irrigations. Adoption of IPM practices helped in managed the incidence of pest and diseases. Due to this an average yield of 708.50 q/ha was obtained in demonstrated plot over control (625.17 q/ha) with an additional yield of 83.33 q/ha and the increasing the average tomato productivity by 13.33 per cent. The extension gap and technology gap ranged between 76.75 to 88.75 and 82.25 to 98.25 q/ha, respectively, with the technology index of 11.44 per cent during the demonstration years. Besides this, the demonstrated plots gave higher gross return, net return with higher benefit cost ratio when compared to farmer’s practice.
| 3 |
Seasonal variation of aquatic diversity of a lotic ecosystem – A case study of River Churni, West Bengal
Author(s):
Avijit Bakshi , Prof. Ashis Kumar Panigrahi , Anandamoy Mondal.
|
View
|
9-16 |
pdf |
Seasonal variation of aquatic diversity of a lotic ecosystem – A case study of River Churni, West Bengal
Abstract
Biodiversity of any aquatic body indicates its productivity and its ecological health. Both lotic and lentic aquatic systems of the World are now reported to be threatened by several environmental hazards like pollution, over exploitation etc causing loss to the biodiversity. River Churni is not an exception to this. The river is under the threats of pollution from diffused sources. The total diversity of fish, phytoplankton, zooplankton, macrophytes, emergent are studied during the survey. The studies have revealed that the river is much more affected by pollution in its upstream rather than middle and lower part. Further, it can be concluded that absence of immediate and prompt initiatives can be make the river diversity more vulnerable in near future.
Keywords: Diversity, Fish, Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, Macrophytes, River Churni, Lotic aquatic system.
| 4 |
GENERALIZATION OF SELFMAPS AND CONTRACTION MAPPING PRINCIPLE IN D-METRIC SPACE.
Author(s):
U.P. DOLHARE.
|
View
|
17-21 |
pdf |
GENERALIZATION OF SELFMAPS AND CONTRACTION MAPPING PRINCIPLE IN D-METRIC SPACE.
Abstract
Large number of fixed point results for selfmappings satisfying various types of contractive inequalities which in [ 5, 9 ,12]. In this paper, theorems on selfmaps and some fixed point theorems are proved in D-metric spaces. The Generalization of contraction mapping principle in D-metric space which include some fixed point results in U.P.Dolhare [1], B.C. Dhage, U.P.Dolhare andAdrian Petrusel[ 3 ] ,Rhoades [ 12 ] in D-metric spaces as special cases.
| 5 |
Parakeet diversity in the Shekhawati region of Rajasthan
Author(s):
Sunita Singh , Dr. Digvijay Singh Shekhawat , Dr. Prakash Chandra Acharya.
|
View
|
22-27 |
pdf |
Parakeet diversity in the Shekhawati region of Rajasthan
Abstract
Abstract
Parakeets are colourful, small to medium sized parrot with long tapered tail feathers rather than having the stockier bodies and more square-shaped tails found on larger parrots. There are many different types of parakeet species found in each region of the world. The study was carried out from the month of July 2012 to June 2014 in a semi-arid zone, which is located at the north eastern part of Rajasthan state, commonly called as the Shekhawati region. Different types of parakeets were observed by applying direct counting method using the aid of a binocular and video camera. This region is rich in parakeet population and three kinds of parakeet species namely Rose-ringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri), Alaxendrine parakeet (Psittacula eupatria) and Plum-headed parakeet (Psittacula cyanocephala) are prevalent here. It was observed that out of total counted parakeets, 94.99% were the rose-ringed parakeets and 04.28% were Alexandrine parakeets and only 00.71% were Plum-headed parakeets. So, it was concluded that the rose-ringed parakeet is the most common and dominant avian species in both rural and urban habitat. The least visible parakeet species is Alexandrine parakeet, which inhabits only in agricultural or rural areas. Plum-headed parakeet was seen only in urban areas in very few numbers. This paper will increase the knowledge about lesser known diversity of these colourful birds in the Shekhawati region of Rajasthan.
Keywords- Parrot, Diversity, Shekhawati region, Rose-ringed parakeet, Alexandrine parakeet and Plum-headed parakeet.
| 6 |
Algae Based Biofuel (ABB): A Review of Novel Technologies
Author(s):
Praful Kakde.
|
View
|
28-33 |
pdf |
Algae Based Biofuel (ABB): A Review of Novel Technologies
Abstract
The increasing demand for petroleum based fuels, global warming and environmental pollution has driven the world to search for newer, safer and cleaner sources of fuel. Also, the transportation sector in India is dependent on petroleum and other non-renewable sources of energy. In view of the increased attention to climate change, there is a renewed focus on alternative fuels. Algae have recently received a lot of attention as a new biomass source for the production of renewable energy. Some of the main characteristics which set algae apart from other biomass sources are that algae (can) have a high biomass yield per unit of light and area, can have a high oil or starch content, do not require agricultural land, fresh water is not essential and nutrients can be supplied by wastewater and CO2 by combustion gas. This paper investigates the ABB production techniques available to holds future promise for developing countries like India.
| 7 |
Impact of heat stress among workers in naturally ventilated greenhouse
Author(s):
Dr J. N. Mishra , Dr S. K. Mohanty.
|
View
|
34-39 |
pdf |
Impact of heat stress among workers in naturally ventilated greenhouse
Abstract
Natural ventilated Greenhouses are the structures which gives a microclimate upto certain extent that make the plants to grow well in an unfavorable climate. These are extremely helpful in a particular period of year when some plants cannot be grown in open field. But Greenhouses cannot be considered a very suitable place to work for the workers specially in early or in summer season. Workers have to work in unfavourable conditions and exposed with stress to the body from physical activity can be dangerous to worker’s health. The experiment was carried out to study the impact of heat stress of workers in a naturally ventilated greenhouses in the Horticultural campus of College of Agriculture, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha in 2014. During 9th week the average greenhouse temperature and relative humidity was around 400C and 50 per cent respectively which is unsuitable for agril. labourers to work inside the greenhouse from 12 to 2 PM. These average values rose over 500C of temperature as well as 55 per cent relative humidity during 12th, 13th and 14th week in which it was impossible to work from 12 to 3 PM. Again during 8thand 9th week the nature of work i.e. field preparation or digging of soil inside greenhouse from 10 to 4 PM was again above the limit suitable to workers. The value of working heart rate(WHR) increased upto 120 beats/min with a corresponding value of oxygen consumption rate 0.939 lmin-1 after 20 minutes of digging. However the value in case of simple operation like weeding remain with acceptable limit. Hence to prevent from heat stress the workers should allow to work inside greenhouse from 6 to 10 AM in the morning as well as 5 to 7 PM in the evening. No doubt the greenhouse provides a conducive climate for plant growth, yet a greater overall knowledge and preventive measures would help the workers to avoid risks of inhouse work.
Keywords : Greenhouse, Working Environment, Working heart rate, Health risk
| 8 |
Effects of Temperature and pH on the Morphology of Bio-polymeric Chitosan-alginate Nanoparticles Loaded with Coffee White Stem Borer Pheromone
Author(s):
Deepa bhagat , srujana Sripathi , Ramu G , Srinivas. R , Bhaktavatsalam. N.
|
View
|
40-47 |
pdf |
Effects of Temperature and pH on the Morphology of Bio-polymeric Chitosan-alginate Nanoparticles Loaded with Coffee White Stem Borer Pheromone
Abstract
Effects of temperature and pH on the morphology of bio-polymeric chitosan-alginate nanoparticles loaded with Coffee white stem borer (CWSB) pheromone were studied. The nanoparticles were prepared by the ionotropic pre-gelation of alginate with calcium chloride, followed by the complexation between alginate and chitosan. The influence of temperature, pH, and the stoichiometric relationships between the polyelectrolytes were assessed by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), using a Zeta PALS particle size analyzer. The data when subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that at various pH readings (6, 9, 10, 11 and 12) and with temperatures over a range from 6 to 70 0C, there were no effects on nanoparticle size. Similarly, the zeta potential analysis results for the chitosan-alginate nanoparticles (CS-ALG NPs) loaded with the pheromone with a zeta potential at pH range 6 - 12 were not significantly correlated when subjected to ANOVA. The studies indicated that generally pH has a non-significant effect on zeta potential. However, at pH 8 the effect of temperature was found to be significantly correlated with particle size. This study helps in understanding the determination of the size of nanoparticles and their loading capacity for pheromones.
| 9 |
FOOD CONSUMPTION PATTERN OF TRIBAL PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
Author(s):
Vidya. T. A , Dr. Seeja Thomachan P , Dr. S. Krishnan.
|
View
|
48-53 |
pdf |
FOOD CONSUMPTION PATTERN OF TRIBAL PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
Abstract
Food consumption pattern of people is essential not only for assessing the nutritional status of the community but also for elucidating the food needs of the population. The study reveals the different aspects of food consumption pattern of tribes and non tribes. The food and nutrient intake did not meet the RDA. The intake of foods such as fruits, green leafy vegetables and milk was low in both communities and it did not meet even 50 per cent of RDA. The intake of cereals, pulses and roots and tubers met more than 60 per cent of the RDA. Since the intake of fruits, green leafy vegetables and milk were low; the nutrients such as calcium, vitamin A, vitamin C and iron were also low. Unscientific cooking methods were also observed which leads to leaching of nutrients.
| 10 |
QUALITY AND QUANTITY OF MULBERRY LEAF INFLUENCED BY DIFFERENT METHODS, LEVELS OF IRRIGATION AND MULCHING DURING RABI IN EASTERN DRY ZONE OF KARNATAKA
Author(s):
Seenappa C , Devakumar, N , Manjula, N.
|
View
|
54-60 |
pdf |
QUALITY AND QUANTITY OF MULBERRY LEAF INFLUENCED BY DIFFERENT METHODS, LEVELS OF IRRIGATION AND MULCHING DURING RABI IN EASTERN DRY ZONE OF KARNATAKA
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at College of Sericulture, Chintamani, Chickaballapur district, Karnataka, India during rabi 2013 to know the influence of different methods, levels of irrigation and mulching on quality and quantity of mulberry leaf in Eastern Dry Zone (EDZ) of Karnataka. The results revealed that the mulberry leaf quality and quantity were significantly influenced by different methods, levels of irrigation and mulching. Among the methods and levels of irrigation, subsurface drip irrigation at 0.8 CPE recorded higher chlorophyll, relative water, protein, total carbohydrate content at harvest and leaf yield (8.64, 69.69%, 23.56%, 17.29% and 38920 kg ha-1 yr-1) than surface drip at 1.0 CPE (7.42, 67.06%, 18.78%, 16.93% and 35012 kg ha-1 yr-1) and micro spray jet at 1.0 CPE (7.98, 67.63%, 20.24%, 17.05% and 35617 kg ha-1 yr-1). Maximum chlorophyll, relative water, protein, total carbohydrate content at harvest and leaf yield (7.19, 67.21%, 17.09%, 16.66% and 35336 kg ha-1 yr-1) was noted in mulching than without mulching treatment. These results clearly showed that subsurface drip irrigation at 0.8 CPE and mulching increased the quality and quantity of mulberry leaf than surface drip and micro spray jet irrigation at 1.0 CPE by saving 20 per cent of water. In the coming years, subsurface drip irrigation may be more appropriate to realise higher quality and quantity of mulberry leaf in EDZ of Karnataka.
| 11 |
Experimental study to assess different educational methods to overcome anemia among adolescent girls in Chikkaballapura district, Karnataka, India
Author(s):
Geetha M. Yankachi , Manjula, N , Roopa B. Patil.
|
View
|
61-65 |
pdf |
Experimental study to assess different educational methods to overcome anemia among adolescent girls in Chikkaballapura district, Karnataka, India
Abstract
The present study was undertaken by KrishiVigyan Kendra, Chikkaballapura district to assess the Efficacy of different educational methods in reducing iron deficiency anemia among 120 adolescent girls (13-16 years) studying at government high school of Hirekattigenahalli village, Chintamani taluk, Chikkaballapura district during 2015-16. The subjects were divided into four groups namely, Control group, Experimental group 1, Experimental group 2, and Experimental group 3. They were assessed for nutritional status (height, weight and haemoglobin level) and changes in the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) before and after intervention of different educational methods. The results indicated that, the mean height of subjects increased to 2.03cm, 2.45cm and 2.79cm in experimental group 1, 2 and 3 respectively as compared to control group which is 1.91cm. Similarly the mean weight of subjects increased to 2.03kg, 2.24kg and 2.94 kg in experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively as against 1.13kg in control group. Experimental groups showed the higher increase in haemoglobin level (1.06 to 1.10g/dl) than control group (0.32g/dl). the mean KAP scores of experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 where increase to 31.53, 31.73 and 32.67 percent as compared to control group (3.14%). Further, family counseling method showed better improvement in nutritional status of adolescent girls compared to other groups.
| 12 |
Synthesis, characterisation and screening of some new chlorosubstituted imidazolo-pyrazolines with special reference to their growth promoting and curative impact on Oyster mushroom crop
Author(s):
N.G.Ghodile , P.R.Rajput , Padma P. Rajput.
|
View
|
66-71 |
pdf |
Synthesis, characterisation and screening of some new chlorosubstituted imidazolo-pyrazolines with special reference to their growth promoting and curative impact on Oyster mushroom crop
Abstract
Five membered heterocycles with an additional hetero-atom called azoles are well known for their pharmacological, agricultural and industrial applications. The chemotherapeutic agents such as orisul (bacterostatic), antipyrine (antipyretic), butazolidine (anti-inflammatory) contain pyrazoline nucleus. They have remarkable insecticidal activity against the insects like lepidopteran and coleopteran. Imidazole derivatives of pyrazoline substrates were also reported as main constituents of many pesticides used in agriculture. Some of their derivatives show the fungicidal and plant growth regulatory activities. Owing to their applications, a significant amount of research activity has been directed towards synthesis of this class of compounds. In this context, synthesis of some new chlorosubstituted 1-phenyl-3-(2-substitiuted-5-chlorophenyl)-4-benzoyl-5-[2-mercapto-4-(2’-hydroxy-5’-chlorophenyl)-imidazolo]-4,5-dihydro-Δ2-pyrazolines were undertaken from 1-phenyl-3-(2-hydroxy-5-chlorophenyl)-4-benzoyl-5-amino-4,5-dihydro-Δ2-pyrazoline, which was prepared by the reaction of substituted-3-benzoyl-6-chloroflavanone with phenylhydrazine hydrochloride in 1,4-dioxane containing a little piperidine. The structures of newly synthesised compounds were determined on the basis of elemental analysis and spectral characterization. The newly synthesised compounds were assayed for their antimicrobial activity against some fungi viz. Gliocladium roseum (Link) Bainier, Verticillium fungicola and some bacteria viz. Pseudomonas stutzeri, Pseudomonas alcaligens, Pseudomonas fluorescene, Burkholderia gladioli which are mainly responsible for the damage of mushroom crop. So also the titled compounds were screened for their impact on phytotic growth of Oyster mushroom spp.
| 13 |
Standardize the technology for preparation of Chhana Podo for shelf life extension
Author(s):
Sanjai Kumar.
|
View
|
72-82 |
pdf |
Standardize the technology for preparation of Chhana Podo for shelf life extension
Abstract
ABSTRACT
India has one of the largest livestock populations in the world. Fifty percent of the buffaloes and twenty percent of the cattle in the world are found in India, most of which are milk cow and buffaloes. Dairy development in India has been acknowledged the world over as one of the modern India’s most successful development programmes.
The National Commission on Agriculture (1976) recommended that the production of various indigenous milk product and sweets derived therefore should be taken up by the organized dairy plants. The commission also suggested that efforts should be made to standardised the technique of production of various indigenous milk products and explore the possibility of improving their keeping quality and packaging with minimum expenses.
A base product for a large variety of Indian delicacies, namely, Rasogolla, Sandesh, Cham-Cham, Rasamalai, Pantoha, Rajbhog, Chhana-Murki etc. is a heat and acid coagulated products. Acid coagulated products are having export potential. One of them traditional acid coagulated dairy product of eastern region of India is Chhana Podo, commonly prepared in Orissa. Chhana Podo is well known for Chhana based delicacies acid coagulated product and the production involves slow baking of Chhana mixed with 25% sugar and 5% maida burnt by using flat bottom cast iron plate or cooked after wrapping in Sal leave by keeping on low fire. It takes more time and cost depending on sizes, shape of products. It has pleasant cooked flavour and rich taste with cake like body & texture.
Latest technology for baking through microwave oven, quick processing of food with high organoleptic, nutritional and keeping quality. Using this to developed the baking process for the Chhana Podo product. The cow and buffalo milk were mixed together according to the cow & buffalo milk ratio (R) that are 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 2:1 & 3:1 respectively. Attempts were made to standardize the production of Chhana Podo. The binding agents used at, maida (5%) and sugar (20%) (based on Chhana) adjudged most suitable for Chhana Podo production.
Chhana Podo product is best at the cow and buffalo ratio was (2:1), at 1700C temp for the 12 min baking period. The recorded a shelf life up to 45 days at refrigerated temperatures.
Keywords: Chhana Podo, Baking Temperature, Microwave oven, Period, Coagulant, Maida, Shelf life.
| 14 |
Genetic variability for nitrogen use efficiency and yield related traits in rice under low nitrogen and Available soil nitrogen conditions.
Author(s):
Naveen Kumar, V. M , Dr. M. S. Uma.
|
View
|
83-90 |
pdf |
Genetic variability for nitrogen use efficiency and yield related traits in rice under low nitrogen and Available soil nitrogen conditions.
Abstract
Rice is the most important food crop in Asian countries and feeding more than half of world population. The local rice genotypes are reservoirs of valuable traits. Hence an attempt was made to study the genetic variability for nitrogen use efficiency, yield related traits and quality related traits in a set of 55 local rice genotypes during 2014-15 at the College of Agriculture, V.C. Farm, Mandya. Field screening of 55 local rice genotypes under low and no nitrogen conditions revealed highly significant genotypic differences for all the traits studied. High genotypic coefficient of variability and phenotypic coefficient of variability values with less difference observed for nitrogen use efficiency, yield and quality related traits indicating less influence of environment factors on their expression. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was recorded for plant height, number of productive tillers, panicle length, panicle weight, number of spikelets per panicle, test weight, grain and straw yield per plant, nitrogen use efficiency, grain quality traits and protein content at both low and no nitrogen conditions. This indicated that these traits were predominantly controlled by additive gene action and more amenable for selection. Significant positive correlation of nitrogen use efficiency with grain and straw yield in both low and no nitrogen conditions was observed. The genotypes Parimala kalavi, Mosaleputtabatta, Mundoni, Bilihasudi, and Bolumallige were found to be nitrogen use efficient.
| 15 |
Combining Ability Studies in Desi Cotton (G. herbaceum L.) in Vertisols of Gujarat
Author(s):
Indivar Prasad , M. R. Naik , H. N. Patel.
|
View
|
91-95 |
pdf |
Combining Ability Studies in Desi Cotton (G. herbaceum L.) in Vertisols of Gujarat
Abstract
The present investigation was carried out to study combing ability of parental lines and hybrids of desi cotton (G. herbaceum L.) in saline Vertisols of Bharuch, Gujarat. Analysis of variance for combining ability revealed that mean squares due to parents and crosses were highly significant for almost all the characters indicating that considerable gca and sca was present for parents and hybrids, respectively. Combining ability analysis revealed importance of both additive and non-additive components in the expression of seed cotton yield and other traits. Three hybrids viz. G. Cot. 23 x GShv 433/08 (24.90), GBhv 287 x GShv 233/09 (22.76) and GBhv 305 x GShv 280/11 (20.73) were best combiners with high sca effect for seed cotton yield per plant. In general, the crosses exhibiting high sca effects for seed cotton yield per plant also had high sca effects for yield contributing characters and physiological parameters. Per se performance of parents and hybrids agreed well with general combining ability effects of parents and heterotic response of hybrids, respectively.
| 16 |
EFFECTS OF ‘CITRULLUS COLOCYNTHIS’ AND ‘CUCUMIS CALLOSUS’ ON ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST
Author(s):
Vineeta Tripathi , Dr. Nitin Verma.
|
View
|
96-103 |
pdf |
EFFECTS OF ‘CITRULLUS COLOCYNTHIS’ AND ‘CUCUMIS CALLOSUS’ ON ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST
Abstract
The term diabetes was probably derived by Apollonius of Memphis around 250 BC. Diabetes is first recorded in English, in the form diabete. Diabetes mellitus is derived from the Greek word diabetes meaning siphon – (pass through) and the Latin word mellitus meaning honeyed or sweet. This is because in diabetes excess sugar is found in blood as well as the urine. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is vital for the characterization of metabolic syndrome, the natural evolution from prediabetes to Type-2 diabetes, and characterization of the metabolic actions of cardiovascular and metabolic drugs. Although the OGTT is rarely used as a diagnostic test for Type-2 diabetes it is widely used as a sensitive indicator of gestational diabetes. Phytochemical screening revealed that the fruits of C. colocynthis L. and C. callosus L. contain tertiary and quaternary alkaloids, glycoside, carbohydrates and saponin components. These results suggest that the ethanolic extract of fruits of C. colocynthis L. and C. callosus L. possesses oral hypoglycemic effect and its combination (C. colocynthis and C. callosus) produced synergistic action at same dose.
| 17 |
Feeding the World and Caring for Earth
Author(s):
Sarala Yadav, Manoj Kumar and Alok Kumar , Manoj Kumar , Alok Kumar.
|
View
|
104-107 |
pdf |
Feeding the World and Caring for Earth
Abstract
Food security means the easy availability and access of food at all times in sufficient quantity in a safe and nutritious form to meet the dietary requirements and food preferences for an active, healthy and productive life. The prerequisite for food security is, a stable well organized and properly functioning agricultural market. To encourage food security FAO under the aegis of United Nations celebrates World Food Day every year on 16th October, the day on which the Organization was founded in 1945. "World Food Security and Family Farming” was the theme for the World Food Day for the year 2014. Although India had long back achieved self-sufficiency in food, the Government of India has launched the new National Food Security Mission 2007 with the basic objective of grappling with the persistent yield storage in the country. In our country where more than one third of the population is estimated to be absolutely poor and about one third Malnutrition is a widespread problem. According to ‘Global hunger Index-2012 (International Food Policy Research Institute), India is at 65 ranks among 79 countries. Global Survey Report by Save the Children (2012), India is ranked at 112 among 141 countries. The government of India has accorded high priority to the problem of malnutrition especially among children and young girls and women. It has implemented several schemes and programmes like Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS), National Rural Health Mission (NRHM), Mid Day meal Scheme (MDM), Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls nicknamed SABLA and Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY).
Key words: food security, family farming, malnutrition, agriculture, government schemes.
| 18 |
Social Protection and Agriculture: Breaking the Cycle of Rural Poverty
Author(s):
Sarala Yadav, Manoj Kumar and Alok Kumar , Manoj Kumar , Alok Kumar.
|
View
|
108-112 |
pdf |
Social Protection and Agriculture: Breaking the Cycle of Rural Poverty
Abstract
Abstract
The idea of social protection was emphasized by the World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization (2004) which noted that “a certain minimum level of social protection needs to be accepted and undisputed as part of the socio-economic floor of the global economy”. It considers 7 dimensions of social protection viz. Education, Health and Nutrition, Employment, Social Pensions, Food Security, Housing, Justice and Dignity. Poverty is a major impediment to the human growth and development. It is posing a major challenge before the government and the society. It creates a vicious cycle, which entraps an individual into poor condition. Thus, poverty is the situation where the individuals or communities lack the resources, ability and environment to meet the basic needs of life. Most of our population depends on agriculture as their profession. Our agriculture is characterized by low level of income and investment and is a gamble of nature. There is a sharp rise in input cost while Minimum Support price has failed to keep pace with it. It results into bank debt, suicide or private borrowing and opens the gate for exploitation and poverty trap. Institutional credit delivery is abysmally low. There is disenchantment among farmers and 44% of them are ready to quit agriculture, if they are given a chance. Though there is no doubt that manufacturing sector, service sector, and high end research is necessary to keep pace with the world, but it should not be at the cost of agriculture. Our government has initiated a large number of schemes for agriculture because it is not only necessary for food security but also for national security.
Key words: Indian agriculture, poverty, vicious cycle, social protection.
| 19 |
Performance evaluation of Nephrolepis exaltata and Asparagus sp. under different coloured shade nets
Author(s):
Andrew L Myrthong , Dr. P. K. Sudhadevi.
|
View
|
113-117 |
pdf |
Performance evaluation of Nephrolepis exaltata and Asparagus sp. under different coloured shade nets
Abstract
An evaluation of the performance of cut greens Nephrolepis exaltata and Asparagus densiflorus under five different coloured nets viz., red, yellow, green, blue and black of 50% shade level was carried out during 2015-2016. Light intensity and PAR were reduced inside the shade nets. Both light intensity and PAR were in the ascending order of black, yellow, green, blue and red. In both the plants, red and black coloured nets, positively influenced all the parameters under study viz., plant height, spread, leaf area, length and breadth of leaf and length and girth of petiole. Plants were dwarf and compact when grown under green and blue coloured nets. Total chlorophyll content was maximum under black and minimum under red coloured nets in both the plants.
| 20 |
Effect of Dairy Effluent on Germination and Morphological changes Associated With the Growth of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.seeds
Author(s):
Dr.M.EZHIL BAMA .
|
View
|
118-122 |
pdf |
Effect of Dairy Effluent on Germination and Morphological changes Associated With the Growth of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.seeds
Abstract
The first and foremost objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of dairy effluent on morphological and chlorophyll content associated with the germination of seed in Sorghum( Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). Effluent was analyzed for its pH, EC and chemical compositions. Germinating capacity, morphological changes in the radicle and plumule and chlorophyll content of plumule were studied. The dairy effluent at 75 % concentration is most favourable for seed germination and seedling growth of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. . The crude effluent also did not interfere with growth and chlorophyll content. In conclusion, the slightly acidic dairy effluent with low salinity having the anions and cations well within the admissible limits of I.S.I. can be used for irrigating Sorghum plant as such .But at proper dilutions the dairy effluent can be used as a liquid fertilizer.
| 21 |
Assessment of Fertiliser Quality and Plant Growth Dynamics of Vermicomposts obtained from Oligochaete Action on different Organic Wastes
Author(s):
Dr. Balraj Khobragade , Priti Kale , Dr. Sudhir Bale.
|
View
|
123-134 |
pdf |
Assessment of Fertiliser Quality and Plant Growth Dynamics of Vermicomposts obtained from Oligochaete Action on different Organic Wastes
Abstract
The present investigation attempts to analyse the physico-chemical and bacteriological characteristics of the vermicomposts obtained as a result of the action of epigeic earthworm species Eudrilus eugeniae on organic substrates viz., leaf litter and kitchen waste. Further, assessment of quality of the two vermicompost samples with regard to plant growth promoting efficiency was carried out. In the present study, pH of leaf litter (7.91) and kitchen waste (7.64) reached to near neutrality. Electrical conductivity was high in kitchen waste (2.23 dSm-1) than leaf litter (2.01 dSm-1) vermicompost. The ash content was high in kitchen waste (74.6%) than leaf litter (52.4%) vermicompost. Organic carbon content was high in leaf litter (23.62%) than kitchen waste (10.56%) vermicompost. Total nitrogen was high in kitchen waste (0.88%) than leaf litter (0.81 %) sample. The C/N value was high in leaf litter (26.84) than kitchen waste (13.03) sample. Total phosphorus was high in leaf litter (0.16%) than the kitchen waste (0.10%) vermicompost. Total potassium was found to be high in leaf litter (0.11%) than kitchen waste (0.07%) vermicompost. The total number of bacteria present in the vermicompost samples was 3.6 x 108 CFU/gm and 4.2 x 108 for leaf litter and kitchen waste, respectively. Ca content was maximum and Na content was minimum in both samples. Although the values of some micronutrients were high in the kitchen waste sample, the values of organic carbon, NPK and the C/N ratio suggest that the leaf litter sample was qualitatively better than kitchen waste sample. Plant growth promoting ability of the vermicomposts was conducted using Zea maize and Trigonella foenum-graecum. Although the samples show inconsistency in terms of nutrient availability and microbial activity, outcome of plant growth analysis suggests that the vermicompost obtained from leaf litter substrate was superior to kitchen waste substrate in its efficiency as a biofertiliser. The findings can have potential application in the fields of agriculture, horticulture and floriculture.
| 22 |
Genetic manipulation of some bacterial strains for improvement of PUFA production
Author(s):
Dr. B. V. Vakil , Azmina A. K. Masurkar , Yogini M. Dixit.
|
View
|
135-147 |
pdf |
Genetic manipulation of some bacterial strains for improvement of PUFA production
Abstract
Polyunsaturated Fatty acids (PUFA), classified as omega-3 and omega-6 families, are essential fatty acids as these cannot be synthesized de-novo and must be supplied in the diet. A cursory look at literature demonstrates the positive role of ω-3 fatty acids in alleviating variety of life style and life threatening diseases and health conditions. In the present study 3 bacterial strains were subjected to random mutagenesis using UV irradiation and MMS (Methylmethanesulfonate) treatment for improvement of PUFA production. Variety of mutants obtained after exposure to mutagens with varied time or concentration demonstrated that random mutagenesis can be a simple, quick and promising technique for obtaining mutants either with improved or modified PUFA content as judged by the GC analysis. Fourteen mutants with interesting PUFA composition or increased amount of PUFA production were identified. Mutants B. sps. FPZSP13/UV/1, B. sps. FPZSP13/UV/2, H. sps.QY113/UV/2, H. sps.QY113/MMS/1, B.t 407/UV/1 and B.t 407/MMS/2 produced significantly higher amounts of a single or variety of PUFA like Linoleic acid, Alpha-linolenic acid, Eicosatrienoic acid, etc. Further characterization of such mutants revealed that mutantsH. sps.QY113/UV/2 and B.t 407/MMS/2 also have improved biomass production. Further mutagenesis program with these mutants coupled with media and process optimization can be employed to develop few of them into commercially promising mutants to produce either single PUFA or mixture of useful PUFA.
Keywords- PUFA, ω-3 fatty acids, ω-6 fatty acids, Random Mutagenesis, UV, MMS, GC.
| 23 |
Estimate the ground water exploration through various tube wells, hand pumps, bore wells and infiltration recharge in the catchment area of Yamuna River
Author(s):
Brajmohan , Tankit Kumar , Ikshwaku Singh.
|
View
|
147-159 |
pdf |
Estimate the ground water exploration through various tube wells, hand pumps, bore wells and infiltration recharge in the catchment area of Yamuna River
Abstract
Ground water (GW) is as precious as oil pool and needs judicious exploitation for sustained hydro-ecological equilibrium of an area. This requires accurate estimates of prevailing GW recharge components using simpler procedures. In the present study attempt has been made to quantify GW budget of a 358.0 ha watershed comprising predominant wastelands. Water table fluctuation method was applied along with GW parameters/norms prescribed by Central Ground Water Board for the local area. The net annual draft through 60 shallow dug-wells was predicted as 1.89 million cubic meters (MCM), while the net annual recharge came around 1.0191 million cubic meters leaving a GW balance of 0.8346 million cubic meters. Maximum GW drafts (Gross value; 0.81 million cubic meter) were experienced in non-monsoon period. The major fraction of annual recharge (Gross value; 0.43 cubic meters) was contributed from monsoon rainfall. The existing stage of GW development was found to be safe and still having for its further enrichment. Based on detail analysis and interpretation of factors influencing recharge, infiltration method is used to estimate recharge rates by using readily available data (rainfall, runoff). Other estimate methods are difficult to be applied due to the limited information available in the study area. The research has been done by using the infiltration method for the ground water recharge in specific area i.e. watershed area comprising Yamuna of Shankargarh.
| 24 |
Studies on morphological characteristics of Colletotrichum sp the causal organism of snake gourd anthracnose
Author(s):
Aswani Devi , Dr. Kamala Nayar , Dr. Joy. M.
|
View
|
160-166 |
pdf |
Studies on morphological characteristics of Colletotrichum sp the causal organism of snake gourd anthracnose
Abstract
Snake gourd is one of the most important cucurbitaceous crops in India. During surveys conducted at Kalliyoor panchayath, (2015-2016),five isolates of the pathogen Colletotrichum sp were obtained. Disease incidence and disease severity of each surveyed locations were observed. Snake gourd field of Instructional Farm, Vellayani recorded a maximum Disease incidence (90.00 per cent) and Percentage disease index (44.22 per cent). The least disease incidence (70.00 per cent) and percentage disease index (21.89 per cent) was recorded for snake gourd fields in Palapoor. Mophological studies the five isolates C1,C2,C3 and C5 were larger in size and cylindrical shape with obtuse ends while isolate C4 was smaller in size and ellipsoidal in shape. The isolates C1,C2 C3 and C5 were identified as C.coffeanum and the isolate C4 as C musae.
| 25 |
“Socio economic status of the male and female dairy cooperative members in Milkipur block of Faizabad, District: A Gender Perspective.”
Author(s):
Tankit Kumar , Subodh Kumar , R. R. Yadav , Brajmohan.
|
View
|
167-174 |
pdf |
“Socio economic status of the male and female dairy cooperative members in Milkipur block of Faizabad, District: A Gender Perspective.”
Abstract
India is a developing country with diversified agro-climatic conditions. Agriculture is the main occupation in the country, majority of population still dependent on agriculture and allied sector. Most of the farmers are engaged in agricultural and allied sector like livestock husbandry. Agriculture and livestock husbandry plays crucial role in Indian rural economy. Also Women play a significant role in Agriculture and allied sector like dairy development etc. and stable own entrepreneurs.
Study was conducted on Milkipur block of Faizabad district (U.P.). Selection of block and district was purposively. A total number of respondents were selected through random sampling technique from 10 sample milk cooperative society on the basis of majority of dairy farmers. From each of the selected society an exhaustive list of members was prepared then five women and five men members were selected .Thus a total of 100 members (50 men and 50 women) were finally identified for the purpose of further investigation. The structured schedule was developed keeping in view the objectives & variables under study. Personally contacted to respondent for data collection. The percentage, mean, standard deviation, correlation were used for calculation and drawing the inferences. Age of the respondents was recorded the majority of the respondents as (69%) were found belonging to middle age group of 32-51 years whereas almost equal number of respondents were of young ( age 52 yrs) age group categories. Cast, In pooled figure almost equal number of the respondents were found belonging to general & schedule castes where as 29 percent were from backward class. In education found fifty percent female cooperative members was illiterate Further 67 percent male cooperative was literate about two third cooperative members were literate out of them majority were found educated upto high school level. majority of the cooperative members (69%) had medium followed 19 percent and 12 percent had large and small size of herd. Surprisingly no respondents of the study area reside in hut or kaccha house. the male cooperative members were significantly (P<0.01) higher in term of extension contact with information sources as compared to female cooperative members the lower mean value of extension contact with information sources for females was might be due to restriction in male dominated families. the comparatively higher mean values for male cooperative members in respect to age, education, cast, marital status, family type, family size, land holding, housing pattern, material possession, social participation, type of animal house and herd size, however the difference was not found significant. It might be become of males and females of the socio economic status belong to some village come forward to join milk cooperatives. Also, extension intervention carried out by the cooperatives might established some sort of equality among rural poor.
| 26 |
RE-SPROUTING ABILITY OF ALIEN WEED – Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. KING AND H. ROBINSON
Author(s):
Kumar Naik, A. H , Basavaraja Naik, T. , Umamaheswarappa, P.
|
View
|
175-179 |
pdf |
RE-SPROUTING ABILITY OF ALIEN WEED – Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. KING AND H. ROBINSON
Abstract
Chromolaena odorata is fast growing woody and much branched shrub attaining a height of three to eight meter and suppress young seedlings that are slow in growth and deprive them of a major share of nutrients, moisture and space due to its efficient tap root system and causing nuisance in farming community. A field study was planned under this content at Main Research Station, Hebbal, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru. On both existing and de –topped Chromolaena, application of glyphosate and paraquat sprayed plots, re -sprouting of Chromolaena was not observed at all concentrations. Whereas, re -sprouting of Chromolaena was observed in 2, 4-D Na salt sprayed plots particularly from 70th and 60th day onwards, It was to an extent of 8 to 13% and 5 to 10% by 90th day after spray at all concentrations respectively of Chromolaena with existing and de –topped plants. Application of Chlorimuron ethyl 10WP + metsulfuron methyl 10 WP caused slight initial sprouting up to 40th day and subsequently no growth was observed at all concentrations in existing plants. Whereas, in sprouted plants at all doses was able to cause 3 to 8% re-sprouting in Chromolaena on 90th day after spray.
| 27 |
Utilization of Chromolaena odorata as a source of nutrients in groundnut
Author(s):
Kumar Naik, A. H , Basavaraja Naik, T. , Umamaheswarappa, P.
|
View
|
180-187 |
pdf |
Utilization of Chromolaena odorata as a source of nutrients in groundnut
Abstract
The Chromolaena odorata weed poses a great threat to the fragile biodiversity of the Western Ghats, eco-tourism, forestry, watershed management and sustainable farm management, where it is competitively replacing the existing indigenous rich flora, thereby creating ecological imbalance. This weed has assumed much importance due to its alarmingly increasing intensity day by day. Field study was planned under this content at Main Research Station, Hebbal, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru. The treatments comprised of various combinations of Chromolaena’s compost with recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), RDF+ farm yard manure (FYM), RDF alone and unfertilized control. The results revealed that combined application of compost of Chromolaena odorata (90%) + cow dung slurry (10%) + microbial consortium + rock phosphate (2.5% of P) @ 7. 5 t ha-1 along with 100% RDF was superior and recorded higher pod yield by 8.0% and higher net income of Rs 20,916 ha-1 than RDF + FYM 7.5 t ha-1 (17,549 kg ha-1) in groundnut. Further, application of compost of Chromolaena odorata (2/3) + FYM (1/3) @ 7.5 t ha-1 + RDF was the next best treatments in terms of higher pod yield and net income in groundnut, besides substantially increasing the fertility status of the soil by increasing the available soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
| 28 |
Impact of Types of Seedbed and Zinc on Yield attributes and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Author(s):
Faiz Mohammad Azizi , Thomas Abraham .
|
View
|
188-191 |
pdf |
Impact of Types of Seedbed and Zinc on Yield attributes and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during the rabi season 2015-16 at the Crop Research farm of Agronomy, Allahabad School of Agriculture, SHIATS, Allahabad (U.P.) to conclude the effect of types of seedbed and levels of zinc on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment consisted of two types of seedbed i.e. furrow irrigated raised bed (FIRB) and conventional bed system, and five level of zinc viz. 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 kg ha-1 was laid out in randomized block design (FRBD) with three replications. The result revealed that seedbed (FIRB) and zinc level (40 kg ha-1) produced the significant and plant height (98.33 and 97.07 cm), highest number of tillers hill-1 (11.87 and 11.20), Effective tillers meter-2 (451.33 and 420.83 m-2) grain yield (4.27 and 4.30 t ha-1) straw yield (₹ 4.94 and 5.22 kg ha-1) and harvest index (46.53 and 46.59%) respectively. However, the highest benefit cost ratio (3.28) was obtained in treatment (FIRB + 10 kg ha-1).
Key words: Levels of zinc, types of seedbed, wheat, Furrow irrigated raised bed (FIRB) and conventional bed system.
| 29 |
EXTENT OF ADOPTION OF RECOMMENDED SCIENTIFIC PRACTICES IN CATTLE AND BUFFALO FARMING SYSTEMS IN TAMIL NADU, INDIA
Author(s):
A.MANIVANNAN , P.MATHIALAGAN.
|
View
|
192-195 |
pdf |
EXTENT OF ADOPTION OF RECOMMENDED SCIENTIFIC PRACTICES IN CATTLE AND BUFFALO FARMING SYSTEMS IN TAMIL NADU, INDIA
Abstract
Dairy farming is a notable segment of the rural economy in India. In order to ascertain the technological aspects of small holder dairy farming in rural areas, this study was conducted to know about the extent of adoption of recommended scientific practices in Tamil Nadu, India. In this context, an overall sample size of 100 consisting of 50 farmers each in cattle and buffalo farming systems was drawn at Villupuram and Namakkal districts of Tamil Nadu, India by using proportionate random sampling method. The results revealed that all the respondents (100%) in both cattle and buffalo farming systems had adopted the practices of colostrum feeding, sanitary practice before and after milking, and treatment of sick animals by veterinarians under full adoption category. Partial adoption of practices was found in deworming of calf (78.00%) in cattle farming system and balanced feeding (70.00%) in buffalo farming system. Day old weaning of calf, schedule of activities to control calf mortality, using chaff cutter and conducting mastitis detection test were found under non-adoption category (100%) in both cattle and buffalo farming systems.
| 30 |
Heterobeltiosis for Yield and Salinity Tolerance in Desi Cotton (G. herbaceum L.) Hybrids
Author(s):
Indivar Prasad , Dr. M. R. Naik , Dr. H. H. Patel.
|
View
|
196-200 |
pdf |
Heterobeltiosis for Yield and Salinity Tolerance in Desi Cotton (G. herbaceum L.) Hybrids
Abstract
The present investigation was carried out to study the performance and heterobeltiosis of desi cotton (G. herbaceum L.) hybrids in saline soils of Gujarat. Analysis of variances revealed significant differences among crosses for all the 22 characters which indicated the presence of substantial amount of genetic variability among the hybrids. Seven hybrids registered significant and positive heterobeltiosis, and high heterobeltiosis in these hybrids was generally associated with their good per se performance. Top three crosses with significant positive heterobeltiosis were G. Cot. 23 x GShv 433/08 (49.12 %), Digvijay x GBhv 293 (41.35 %) and Digvijay x GShv 280/11 (30.09 %). Hybrids exhibiting high heterobeltiosis for seed cotton yield per plant also had high heterobeltiosis for yield contributing characters and physiological parameters.
| 31 |
LIGHT WEIGHT AGGRIGATES OF CINDER MIX CONCRETE WITH COMPARISON BETWEEN COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND DENSITY VALUES
Author(s):
Dr.N.Venkatesh.
|
View
|
201-205 |
pdf |
LIGHT WEIGHT AGGRIGATES OF CINDER MIX CONCRETE WITH COMPARISON BETWEEN COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND DENSITY VALUES
Abstract
To prepare homogeneous concrete by using waste material like cinder. We make concrete by replacing coarse aggregate with cinder of different percentages like 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% with curing of 7.15 and 28 days. And determine the compressive strength of concrete for above cinder replacement levels and conclude the better one.
The conventional aggregate concrete mix has been designed for M20 grade concrete using ISI method. In this investigation cubes of standard size 150 x 150 mm specimens have been cast and tested after four different curing periods. Three specimens have been cast for each variable and thus totally 36 specimens are tested. From the study it is concluded that 60 percent replacement of conventional aggregate with cinder by volume by weight yields the target mean strength. It worth noted that there is a slight increase in strength and other properties due to extended curing periods and the unit weight of the cinder concrete is varying from 2.51 gms/mm3 to 2.03gms/mm3 with different percentages of cinder. It is also noted that there is a decrease in density after extended curing periods
| 32 |
LIGHT WEIGHT AGGRIGATES OF CINDER MIX CONCRETE WITH COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
Author(s):
Dr.N.Venkatesh.
|
View
|
206-210 |
pdf |
LIGHT WEIGHT AGGRIGATES OF CINDER MIX CONCRETE WITH COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
Abstract
To prepare homogeneous concrete by using waste material like cinder. We make concrete by replacing coarse aggregate with cinder of different percentages like 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% with curing of 7.15 and 28 days. And determine the compressive strength of concrete for above cinder replacement levels and conclude the better one.
Cinder is a waste material obtained from steel manufacturing units. It is being used as a filler material for sunken slabs and also being used for structural purposes wherever necessary (In massive structures (Bridges) to reduce the self weight). In this study an investigation has been made to understand the behavior of conventional aggregate concrete in which normal aggregate is replaced with cinder in volume percentages of 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100.
The conventional aggregate concrete mix has been designed for M20 grade concrete using ISI method. In this investigation cubes of standard size 150 x 150 mm specimens have been cast and tested after four different curing periods. Three specimens have been cast for each variable and thus totally 36 specimens are tested. From the study it is concluded that 60 percent replacement of conventional aggregate with cinder by volume by weight yields the target mean strength. It worth noted that there is a slight increase in strength and other properties due to extended curing periods and the unit weight of the cinder concrete is varying from 2.51 gms/mm3 to 2.03gms/mm3 with different percentages of cinder. It is also noted that there is a decrease in density after extended curing periods.
| 33 |
Heterosis for fruit yield in diverse Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) germplasm
Author(s):
A. P. Singh , M. R. Naik , Indivar Prasad , J. S. Dapke , N. M. Patel.
|
View
|
211-215 |
pdf |
Heterosis for fruit yield in diverse Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) germplasm
Abstract
With prime objective of developing season/region specific hybrid, the present investigation was undertaken to obtain the information on the heterosis for fruit yield in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) using line x tester analysis. The experimental material comprised of ten lines, four testers and resultant 40 hybrids along with two checks which were raised in a randomized block design with three replications in three environments (different seasons) viz., Late Kharif, Rabi and Early Summer at Navsari during 2014-15. The degree of heterosis varied from cross to cross for fruit yield per plant. Considerable heterosis in certain crosses and low in other crosses revealed that nature of gene action varied with the genetic architecture of parents. Fourteen crosses over check ABH – 1 and thirty one crosses over check Surati Ravaiya, reported significant and positive standard heterosis for fruit yield per plant which appeared to be due to the diversity among the parents involved. The maximum standard heterosis for fruit yield per plant over both the checks was recorded by the cross combination JB-12-6 X PLR-1. Rigorous testing of superior crosses identified through this experiment in an array of environments/season may further be performed before its commercial exploitation.
| 34 |
Studies on the liver histology and biochemistry due to pesticide exposure in rats inhabiting vegetable crop fields
Author(s):
Pooja Batra , Dr. S.S.Hundal , Dr. Simranjit Kaur.
|
View
|
216-224 |
pdf |
Studies on the liver histology and biochemistry due to pesticide exposure in rats inhabiting vegetable crop fields
Abstract
Extensive and indiscriminate use of pesticides on crops poses a health hazard but scarce information is available on the effects of these pesticides on non-target mammalian species in field conditions. Rats were collected from the vegetable fields, sacrificed and the liver was excised for histological and biochemical analysis. The histological observations of the liver, showed slight loosening in the arrangement of hepatic cords around central vein, the loss of radial arrangements of hepatocytes and areas where normal parenchyma was replaced by large blood filled spaces. The mean diameter of central vein of (17.21µm) and (16.15µm) in male rats and (15.70µm) and (17.00µm) in female rats showed significant increase as compared to control during winter and summer seasons respectively. The total protein and total lipid content in the liver of female rats increased significantly, while the level of cholesterol increased significantly in the liver of males during summer season. During the winter season there was a marked increase in Acid Phosphatase (ACP) activity in male and female field rats. ACP activity is essential in the formation of ATP as an energy source, and an alteration in the enzyme may be attributed to cellular leakage causes by chemical induced stress of the tissue. The results indicate that the persistent exposure to a variety of pesticides coupled with environmental conditions caused aberrations in liver structure and function leading to physiological stress through biochemical pathways. There is a strong indication of these variations being gender specific and environmental dependent.
